New Application of Waste Citrus Maxima Peel-Derived Carbon as an Oxygen Electrode Material for Lithium Oxygen Batteries.

Recently, lithium oxygen battery has become a promising candidate to satisfy the current large-energy-storage devices demand because of its amazing theoretical energy density. However, it still faces problems such as poor reversibility and short cycle life. Here, citrus maxima peel (CMP) was used as a precursor to prepare activated and Fe-loading carbon (CMPACs and CMPACs-Fe, respectively) via pyrolysis in nitrogen atmosphere at 900 °C, in which KOH was added as an activator. Electrochemical measurements show that CMPAC-based Li-O2 battery possesses high specific capacity of 7800 mA h/g, steady cycling performance of 466 cycles with a corresponding Coulombic efficiency of 92.5%, good rate capability, and reversibility. Besides, CMPACs-Fe-based O2 electrode delivers even lower overpotential in both charge and discharge processes. We conclude that these excellent electrochemical performances of CMPACs and CMPACs-Fe-based O2 electrode benefit from their cellular porous structure, plenty of active sites, and large specific surface area (900 and 768 m2/g), which suggest that these biomass-derived porous carbons might become promising candidates to achieve efficient lithium oxygen battery.