Bradley A Edwards1,2,3, Leonardo Nava-Guerra4, James S Kemp5, John L Carroll6, Michael C Khoo4, Scott A Sands3, Philip I Terrill7, Shane A Landry1,2, Raouf S Amin8. 1. Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 2. School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 3. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 5. Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 6. Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR. 7. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 8. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Abstract
Study Objectives: Periodic breathing (PB) is common in newborns and is an obvious manifestation of ventilatory control instability. However, many infants without PB may still have important underlying ventilatory control instabilities that go unnoticed using standard clinical monitoring. Methods to detect infants with "subclinical" ventilatory control instability are therefore required. The current study aimed to assess the degree of ventilatory control instability using simple bedside recordings in preterm infants. Methods: Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) recordings were analyzed from ~20 minutes of quiet sleep in 20 preterm infants at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (median [range]: 36 [34-40]). The percentage time spent in PB was also calculated for each infant (%PB). Spontaneous sighs were identified and breath-by-breath measurements of (uncalibrated) ventilation were derived from RIP traces. Loop gain (LG, a measure of ventilatory control instability) was calculated by fitting a simple ventilatory control model (gain, time-constant, delay) to the post-sigh ventilatory pattern. For comparison, periodic inter-breath variability was also quantified using power spectral analysis (ventilatory oscillation magnitude index [VOMI]). Results: %PB was strongly associated with LG (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.001) and moderately with the VOMI (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.047). LG (0.52 ± 0.05 vs. 0.30 ± 0.03; p = 0.0025) and the VOMI (-8.2 ± 1.1 dB vs. -11.8 ± 0.9 dB; p = 0.026) were both significantly higher in infants that displayed PB vs. those without. Conclusions: LG and VOMI determined from the ventilatory responses to spontaneous sighs can provide a practical approach to assessing ventilatory control instability in preterm infants. Such simple techniques may help identify infants at particular risk for ventilatory instabilities with concomitant hypoxemia and its associated consequences.
Study Objectives: Periodic breathing (PB) is common in newborns and is an obvious manifestation of ventilatory control instability. However, many infants without PB may still have important underlying ventilatory control instabilities that go unnoticed using standard clinical monitoring. Methods to detect infants with "subclinical" ventilatory control instability are therefore required. The current study aimed to assess the degree of ventilatory control instability using simple bedside recordings in preterm infants. Methods: Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) recordings were analyzed from ~20 minutes of quiet sleep in 20 preterm infants at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (median [range]: 36 [34-40]). The percentage time spent in PB was also calculated for each infant (%PB). Spontaneous sighs were identified and breath-by-breath measurements of (uncalibrated) ventilation were derived from RIP traces. Loop gain (LG, a measure of ventilatory control instability) was calculated by fitting a simple ventilatory control model (gain, time-constant, delay) to the post-sigh ventilatory pattern. For comparison, periodic inter-breath variability was also quantified using power spectral analysis (ventilatory oscillation magnitude index [VOMI]). Results: %PB was strongly associated with LG (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.001) and moderately with the VOMI (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.047). LG (0.52 ± 0.05 vs. 0.30 ± 0.03; p = 0.0025) and the VOMI (-8.2 ± 1.1 dB vs. -11.8 ± 0.9 dB; p = 0.026) were both significantly higher in infants that displayed PB vs. those without. Conclusions: LG and VOMI determined from the ventilatory responses to spontaneous sighs can provide a practical approach to assessing ventilatory control instability in preterm infants. Such simple techniques may help identify infants at particular risk for ventilatory instabilities with concomitant hypoxemia and its associated consequences.
Authors: Pauline F F Decima; Karinna L Fyfe; Alexsandria Odoi; Flora Y Wong; Rosemary S C Horne Journal: Sleep Med Date: 2015-03-14 Impact factor: 3.492
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Authors: Gloria S Pryhuber; Nathalie L Maitre; Roberta A Ballard; Denise Cifelli; Stephanie D Davis; Jonas H Ellenberg; James M Greenberg; James Kemp; Thomas J Mariani; Howard Panitch; Clement Ren; Pamela Shaw; Lynn M Taussig; Aaron Hamvas Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2015-04-10 Impact factor: 2.125