Lingling Wang1, Xiaomei Xiang2, Baibing Mi1, Hui Song2, Min Dong2, Shuiping Zhang2, Yuxue Bi1, Yaling Zhao1, Qiang Li1, Qi Zhang1, Li Zhang1, Hong Yan1,3, Duolao Wang4, Shaonong Dang1. 1. Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China. 2. Xi'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 73, Xidajie Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China. 3. Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China. 4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate an association between birth defects and exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particles ≤10 μm in an aerodynamic diameter (PM10) during early pregnancy in Xi'an, China. METHODS: Birth defect data were from the Birth Defects Monitoring System of Xi'an, and data on ambient air pollutants during 2010-15 were from the Xi'an Environmental Protection Bureau. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the relationship between birth defects and ambient air pollutants. RESULTS: Among the 8865 cases with birth defects analyzed, the overall incidence of birth defects was 117.33 per 10 000 infants. Ambient air pollutant exposure during the first trimester increased the risk of birth defects by 10.3% per 10 μg/m3 increment of NO2 and 3.4% per 10 μg/m3 increment of PM10. No significant association was found between birth defects and SO2. Moreover, NO2 increased risk of neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, congenital polydactyly, cleft palate, digestive system abnormalities and gastroschisis, and PM10 was associated with congenital heart disease and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese women should avoid exposure to high levels of NO2 and PM10 during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate an association between birth defects and exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particles ≤10 μm in an aerodynamic diameter (PM10) during early pregnancy in Xi'an, China. METHODS: Birth defect data were from the Birth Defects Monitoring System of Xi'an, and data on ambient air pollutants during 2010-15 were from the Xi'an Environmental Protection Bureau. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the relationship between birth defects and ambient air pollutants. RESULTS: Among the 8865 cases with birth defects analyzed, the overall incidence of birth defects was 117.33 per 10 000 infants. Ambient air pollutant exposure during the first trimester increased the risk of birth defects by 10.3% per 10 μg/m3 increment of NO2 and 3.4% per 10 μg/m3 increment of PM10. No significant association was found between birth defects and SO2. Moreover, NO2 increased risk of neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, congenital polydactyly, cleft palate, digestive system abnormalities and gastroschisis, and PM10 was associated with congenital heart disease and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese women should avoid exposure to high levels of NO2 and PM10 during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
Authors: Pengfei Qu; Doudou Zhao; Mingxin Yan; Danmeng Liu; Leilei Pei; Lingxia Zeng; Hong Yan; Shaonong Dang Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-14 Impact factor: 4.614