RIP kinases as modulators of inflammation and immunity.

Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases, in particular RIPK1, RIPK2 and RIPK3, have emerged as pleiotropic modulators of inflammatory responses that act either by directly regulating intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways or by causing apoptotic or necrotic cell death. In this Review, we discuss the signaling pathways and immunological functions of these RIP kinases in the inflammatory response to microbial infection and tissue injury, as well as their potential roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and aging.