Emerging novel drug delivery strategies for bioactive flavonol fisetin in biomedicine.

Fisetin (FIS), a bioactive flavonol found in the smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria), vegetables, fruits and nuts. It exhibits various therapeutic activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive, anti-tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. In spite of the ever rising support for therapeutic activities, its clinical application is mainly limited because of poor water solubility, high lipophilicity and low oral bioavailability. Till date, numerous efforts have been made to surpass these limitations with the development of new improved delivery platforms. This article aims to review and analyze the various delivery strategies used to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of FIS. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to touch upon various features related to the progress of drug delivery including their influence on FIS chemistry, pharmacokinetics and other physicochemical attributes are discussed thoroughly.