Edwardsiella piscicida virulence effector trxlp promotes the NLRC4 inflammasome activation during infection.

Edwardsiella piscicida is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. This bacterium could activate NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes via type III secretion system (T3SS), and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome via type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector during infection in macrophages. However, the roles of other virulence factors in regulating inflammasome activation during E. piscicida infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on clarification the role of ETAE_RS10155, a thioredoxin-like protein (Trxlp), during bacterial infection in macrophages. We found that mutation of this gene barely influences the bacteria growth and infection capability. Interestingly, the inflammasome activation was reduced in Δtrxlp-infected macrophages, compared with wild-type E. piscicida did. Moreover, Trxlp mainly promotes the NLRC4, but not NLRP3 inflammasome activation during E. piscicida infection. Finally, Trxlp-mediated NLRC4 inflammasome activation is crucial for host surveillance in vivo. Taken together, our results clarify the complex and contextual role of bacterial virulence effector in modulating inflammasome activation, and offer new insights into the warfare between the fish bacterial weapons and host innate immunological surveillance.