Krystyna Makowska1. 1. Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The enteric nervous system (ENS), situated in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, regulates the majority of intestinal activities in physiological conditions and during pathological processes. Enteric neurons are diversified in terms of active substance expression. One of the most important neuropeptides within the ENS is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). It seems to be one among the important inhibitory peptides in addition to neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide (NO), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of the intestinal motility and secretion, however, many issues connected with distribution and roles of VIP in the large intestine, especially during pathological states, still remain unknown. METHODS: Changes in the VIP-like immunoreactivity of the enteric nervous structures under experimental pathological states, including chemically induced inflammation and nerve damage was examined using the double immunofluorescence technique with commercial antibodies. KEY RESULTS: Generally, both pathological factors studied caused an increase in the number of VIP-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) neurons and nerve fibers, but the intensity of fluctuations depended on both the acting factor and the part of the ENS studied. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: The obtained results suggest that VIP participates in pathological processes concerning the digestive tract, and its exact functions probably depend on the type of damaging factor acting on the intestine.
BACKGROUND: The enteric nervous system (ENS), situated in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, regulates the majority of intestinal activities in physiological conditions and during pathological processes. Enteric neurons are diversified in terms of active substance expression. One of the most important neuropeptides within the ENS is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). It seems to be one among the important inhibitory peptides in addition to neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide (NO), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of the intestinal motility and secretion, however, many issues connected with distribution and roles of VIP in the large intestine, especially during pathological states, still remain unknown. METHODS: Changes in the VIP-like immunoreactivity of the enteric nervous structures under experimental pathological states, including chemically induced inflammation and nerve damage was examined using the double immunofluorescence technique with commercial antibodies. KEY RESULTS: Generally, both pathological factors studied caused an increase in the number of VIP-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) neurons and nerve fibers, but the intensity of fluctuations depended on both the acting factor and the part of the ENS studied. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: The obtained results suggest that VIP participates in pathological processes concerning the digestive tract, and its exact functions probably depend on the type of damaging factor acting on the intestine.