Sevcan A Bakkaloğlu1, Yaşar Kandur2, Erkin Serdaroğlu3, Aytül Noyan4, Aysun Karabay Bayazıt5, Mehmet Taşdemir6, Sare Gülfem Özlü7, Gül Özçelik8, İsmail Dursun9, Caner Alparslan10, Meltem Akcaboy2, Yeşim Özdemir Atikel2, Gönül Parmaksız4, Bahriye Atmış5, Lale Sever6. 1. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. sevcan@gazi.edu.tr. 2. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. 3. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. 4. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey. 5. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. 6. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 7. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 8. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. 9. Department of Pediatric Nehprology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. 10. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: During erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment, hemoglobin (Hb) levels usually fluctuate; this phenomenon is known as "Hb cycling (HC)." In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of HC and its impact on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a patient-important outcome parameter in pediatric dialysis patients. METHODS: Records of patients followed up in nine pediatric nephrology centers between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed. More than 1 g/dL decrease or increase in Hb level was considered as HC. Patients were divided into two groups according to 12-month Hb trajectory as rare cycling (RC) (≤ 3) and frequent cycling (FC) (> 3 fluctuation) as well as three groups based on T-A-Hb levels: < 10, 10-11, and > 11 g/dL. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-five dialysis (160 peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 85 hemodialysis (HD)) patients aged 12.3 ± 5.1 (range 0.5-21) years were enrolled in this study. Fifty-two percent of the patients had RC, 45% had FC, and only 3% had no cycling. There were no differences between HC groups with respect to age, dialysis modality, having anemia, hospitalization rate, residual urine volume, and mortality. Although left ventricular mass index (LVMI) tended to be higher in RC than FC group (65 ± 37 vs 52 ± 23 g/m2.7, p = 0.056), prevalence of LVH was not different between the groups (p = 0.920). In regression analysis, FC was not a risk factor for LVH, but low T-A Hb level (< 10 g/dL) was a significant risk for LVH (OR = 0.414, 95% CI 0.177-0.966, p = 0.04). The target Hb levels were more often achieved in PD patients, and the number of deaths was significantly lower in non-anemic patients (Hb level > 11 g/dL). CONCLUSION: Hb cycling is common among dialysis patients. Severity of anemia rather than its cycling has more significant impact on the prevalence of LVH and on inflammatory state.
BACKGROUND: During erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment, hemoglobin (Hb) levels usually fluctuate; this phenomenon is known as "Hb cycling (HC)." In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of HC and its impact on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a patient-important outcome parameter in pediatric dialysis patients. METHODS: Records of patients followed up in nine pediatric nephrology centers between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed. More than 1 g/dL decrease or increase in Hb level was considered as HC. Patients were divided into two groups according to 12-month Hb trajectory as rare cycling (RC) (≤ 3) and frequent cycling (FC) (> 3 fluctuation) as well as three groups based on T-A-Hb levels: < 10, 10-11, and > 11 g/dL. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-five dialysis (160 peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 85 hemodialysis (HD)) patients aged 12.3 ± 5.1 (range 0.5-21) years were enrolled in this study. Fifty-two percent of the patients had RC, 45% had FC, and only 3% had no cycling. There were no differences between HC groups with respect to age, dialysis modality, having anemia, hospitalization rate, residual urine volume, and mortality. Although left ventricular mass index (LVMI) tended to be higher in RC than FC group (65 ± 37 vs 52 ± 23 g/m2.7, p = 0.056), prevalence of LVH was not different between the groups (p = 0.920). In regression analysis, FC was not a risk factor for LVH, but low T-A Hb level (< 10 g/dL) was a significant risk for LVH (OR = 0.414, 95% CI 0.177-0.966, p = 0.04). The target Hb levels were more often achieved in PDpatients, and the number of deaths was significantly lower in non-anemicpatients (Hb level > 11 g/dL). CONCLUSION: Hb cycling is common among dialysis patients. Severity of anemia rather than its cycling has more significant impact on the prevalence of LVH and on inflammatory state.
Entities:
Keywords:
Dialysis; Hemoglobin cycling; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Pediatric patients