Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on gonadotropin release in superfused rat pituitary cells.

Cardiac atrial muscle cells produce a polypeptide hormone that plays a role in the control of water and electrolyte balance and blood pressure. The circulating form of this hormone is the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which contains 28 amino acids. Various immunohistochemical studies have shown that ANP is present in many areas of the central nervous system, including the median eminence. In our studies, we investigated the effect of ANP in a superfused rat pituitary cell system. When ANP was administered at increasing concentrations (0.01 microM to 1 microM), it caused a significant dose-related stimulation of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The lowest effective dose of ANP in our system was 0.03 microM. When ANP and LH-releasing hormone were administered together, the response was prolonged and had the characteristics of ANP-stimulated LH and FSH release. In contrast with some previous reports, ANP in high concentration (1 microM) consistently induced a small but significant stimulation of the release of corticotropin. ANP did not influence the basal release of prolactin, growth hormone, and thyrotropin.