Filipe J Teixeira1, Catarina N Matias1,2,3, Cristina P Monteiro1,3, Maria J Valamatos3,4, Joana F Reis1,3,5, Francisco Tavares6, Ana Batista1, Christophe Domingos1, Francisco Alves1,3, Luís B Sardinha2,3, Stuart M Phillips7. 1. Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, PORTUGAL. 2. Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, PORTUGAL. 3. Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, PORTUGAL. 4. Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, PORTUGAL. 5. Faculty of Health and Sports, Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities, Lisboa, PORTUGAL. 6. Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, NEW ZEALAND. 7. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CANADA.
Abstract
Leucine metabolites, α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium, HMB-Ca and free acid, HMB-FA), have been proposed to augment resistance training-induced changes in body composition and performance. PURPOSE: We aimed to conduct a double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial to evaluate the effects of off-the-shelf leucine metabolite supplements of α-HICA, HMB-FA, and HMB-Ca on resistance training-induced changes in muscle thickness and performance. METHODS:Forty men were randomly assigned to receive α-HICA (n = 10, fat-free mass [FFM] = 62.0 ± 7.1 kg), HMB-FA (n = 11, FFM = 62.7 ± 10.5 kg), HMB-Ca (n = 9, FFM = 65.6 ± 10.1 kg), or placebo (PLA; n = 10, FFM = 64.2 ± 5.7 kg). The training program consisted of whole body thrice weekly resistance training for 8 wk (seven exercises per session, three to four sets per session, at 70%-80% one repetition maximum). Skeletal muscle thickness by ultrasound, performance measures, and blood measures (creatine kinase, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth hormone, cortisol, and total testosterone) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS: Time-dependent changes were observed for muscle thickness (P < 0.001), one repetition maximum bench press and squat (P < 0.001), Wingate peak power (P = 0.02), countermovement jump height (P = 0.03), power (P = 0.006), creatine kinase, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and cortisol (all P < 0.001). No significant between-group or time-group interactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: No leucine metabolite resulted in any ergogenic effects on any outcome variable. Supplementation with leucine metabolites-α-HICA, HMB-FA, or HMB-Ca-is not a supplementation strategy that improves muscle growth and strength development in young adult men.
RCT Entities:
Leucine metabolites, α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium, HMB-Ca and free acid, HMB-FA), have been proposed to augment resistance training-induced changes in body composition and performance. PURPOSE: We aimed to conduct a double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial to evaluate the effects of off-the-shelf leucine metabolite supplements of α-HICA, HMB-FA, and HMB-Ca on resistance training-induced changes in muscle thickness and performance. METHODS: Forty men were randomly assigned to receive α-HICA (n = 10, fat-free mass [FFM] = 62.0 ± 7.1 kg), HMB-FA (n = 11, FFM = 62.7 ± 10.5 kg), HMB-Ca (n = 9, FFM = 65.6 ± 10.1 kg), or placebo (PLA; n = 10, FFM = 64.2 ± 5.7 kg). The training program consisted of whole body thrice weekly resistance training for 8 wk (seven exercises per session, three to four sets per session, at 70%-80% one repetition maximum). Skeletal muscle thickness by ultrasound, performance measures, and blood measures (creatine kinase, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth hormone, cortisol, and total testosterone) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS: Time-dependent changes were observed for muscle thickness (P < 0.001), one repetition maximum bench press and squat (P < 0.001), Wingate peak power (P = 0.02), countermovement jump height (P = 0.03), power (P = 0.006), creatine kinase, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and cortisol (all P < 0.001). No significant between-group or time-group interactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: No leucine metabolite resulted in any ergogenic effects on any outcome variable. Supplementation with leucine metabolites-α-HICA, HMB-FA, or HMB-Ca-is not a supplementation strategy that improves muscle growth and strength development in young adult men.
Authors: Josephine S Jakubowski; Everson A Nunes; Filipe J Teixeira; Victoria Vescio; Robert W Morton; Laura Banfield; Stuart M Phillips Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-05-23 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Filipe J Teixeira; Catarina N Matias; João Faleiro; Rita Giro; Joana Pires; Helena Figueiredo; Raquel Carvalhinho; Cristina P Monteiro; Joana F Reis; Maria J Valamatos; Vítor H Teixeira; Brad J Schoenfeld Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2022-07-19