Double cancer comprising malignant pleural mesothelioma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung treated with radiotherapy: A case report.

Pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) is the surgical treatment of choice for early malignant mesothelioma, but it remains unclear whether radiotherapy along with P/D should be used as multimodal treatment for this disease. We herein present the case of a 76-year-old man with a history of asbestos exposure who was diagnosed with left-sided malignant pleural mesothelioma in February 2010. The patient underwent chemotherapy with a combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed and achieved stable disease, after which time he was kept under observation. A positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan performed in February 2011 revealed nodular shadows with fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in S3 of the left lung; using bronchoscopy, the patient was diagnosed with stage IIB (cT3N0M0) primary squamous cell carcinoma. Chemoradiotherapy with vinorelbine and 60 Gy/20 fr radiotherapy was performed, and a partial response was obtained, suggesting that the radiotherapy used to treat the carcinoma of the lung may have also helped control the disease activity of the pre-existing mesothelioma. The present case indicates the value of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. The aim of the present study was to examine the possibility of new multimodal treatments for mesothelioma, along with a discussion of the relevant literature.