Dongjuan Xu1, Liqun Huang2, Jie Gao2, Jingjing Li3, Xiaojuan Wang4, Kefang Wang5. 1. School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States. 2. School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. 3. School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Surgical Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Science, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. 4. School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. 5. School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: wangkf@sdu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Overactive bladder is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those without diabetes. Many patients with diabetes adopt unhealthy toileting behaviors to empty their bladder that may contribute to the onset or worsening of overactive bladder. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an education program targeting toileting behaviors is effective for helping overactive bladder patients with type 2 diabetes in terms of adopting healthy toileting behaviors, improving bladder symptoms, and enhancing quality of life. DESIGN: The study was a parallel, pragmatic, open-label randomized trial. SETTINGS: The trial was conducted in a hospital-based endocrinology outpatient department in Jinan, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 104 patients were randomly assigned to a 6-week education program or a control group. METHODS: Primary outcomes included toileting behaviors and bladder symptoms, including dry/wet overactive bladder and severity of urgency. Secondary outcomes were overactive bladder-specific and general quality of life. The patients were reassessed on the outcome variables at the end of the intervention and at 3 months and 6 months following the intervention. The analysis followed the intent-to-treat principle. To account for the longitudinal data with repeated measures, group comparisons for continuous outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed models. Group differences in binary outcomes were examined using mixed-effects logit models. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the education program group showed significant changes in three unhealthy toileting behaviors: premature voiding (-0.7, p < 0.001), place preference for voiding (-0.5, p = 0.007), and delayed voiding (-0.2, p = 0.011). The program significantly relieved the bladder symptoms (-2.2, p < 0.001) and decreased the probability of having wet overactive bladder (-0.3, p < 0.001) and the severity of urgency (-0.4, p < 0.001). It also significantly improved the overactive bladder-specific quality of life by 10.8 points (p = 0.001). Regarding patients' general quality of life, the physical aspect was enhanced by 3.0 points (p = 0.049); however, no effect on the mental well-being aspect was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Among overactive bladder patients with type 2 diabetes, the 6-week education program targeting toileting behaviors resulted in the adoption of healthy toileting behaviors, relief of bladder symptoms and improvement in quality of life in the 6 months following the intervention compared with routine care alone. The education program was highly successful and may represent an effective, acceptable, feasible, and safe intervention for improving bladder health and quality of life during diabetes care, given that the toileting behavioral changes were maintained during the 6-month follow-up period.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Overactive bladder is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those without diabetes. Many patients with diabetes adopt unhealthy toileting behaviors to empty their bladder that may contribute to the onset or worsening of overactive bladder. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an education program targeting toileting behaviors is effective for helping overactive bladderpatients with type 2 diabetes in terms of adopting healthy toileting behaviors, improving bladder symptoms, and enhancing quality of life. DESIGN: The study was a parallel, pragmatic, open-label randomized trial. SETTINGS: The trial was conducted in a hospital-based endocrinology outpatient department in Jinan, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 104 patients were randomly assigned to a 6-week education program or a control group. METHODS: Primary outcomes included toileting behaviors and bladder symptoms, including dry/wet overactive bladder and severity of urgency. Secondary outcomes were overactive bladder-specific and general quality of life. The patients were reassessed on the outcome variables at the end of the intervention and at 3 months and 6 months following the intervention. The analysis followed the intent-to-treat principle. To account for the longitudinal data with repeated measures, group comparisons for continuous outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed models. Group differences in binary outcomes were examined using mixed-effects logit models. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the education program group showed significant changes in three unhealthy toileting behaviors: premature voiding (-0.7, p < 0.001), place preference for voiding (-0.5, p = 0.007), and delayed voiding (-0.2, p = 0.011). The program significantly relieved the bladder symptoms (-2.2, p < 0.001) and decreased the probability of having wet overactive bladder (-0.3, p < 0.001) and the severity of urgency (-0.4, p < 0.001). It also significantly improved the overactive bladder-specific quality of life by 10.8 points (p = 0.001). Regarding patients' general quality of life, the physical aspect was enhanced by 3.0 points (p = 0.049); however, no effect on the mental well-being aspect was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Among overactive bladderpatients with type 2 diabetes, the 6-week education program targeting toileting behaviors resulted in the adoption of healthy toileting behaviors, relief of bladder symptoms and improvement in quality of life in the 6 months following the intervention compared with routine care alone. The education program was highly successful and may represent an effective, acceptable, feasible, and safe intervention for improving bladder health and quality of life during diabetes care, given that the toileting behavioral changes were maintained during the 6-month follow-up period.
Authors: Diane K Newman; Kathryn L Burgio; Charles Cain; Jeni Hebert-Beirne; Lisa Kane Low; Mary H Palmer; Ariana L Smith; Leslie Rickey; Kyle Rudser; Shelia Gahagan; Bernard L Harlow; Aimee S James; D Yvette Lacoursiere; Cecilia T Hardacker; Jean F Wyman Journal: Int J Nurs Stud Adv Date: 2021-11-10
Authors: Susana Martinez Díaz; Hudson Pierce; John Richard Lee; Tirsit Asfaw; Andrew Abram; Naeem Bhojani; Dean Elterman; Kevin Zorn; Bilal Chughtai Journal: Urol Int Date: 2022-03-23 Impact factor: 1.934