Seed germination and biochemical profile of Citrus reticulata (Kinnow) exposed to green synthesised silver nanoparticles.

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is substantial for its applications in different fields. The Moringa oleifera leaves were used as reducing and stabilising agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised through UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta analyser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive Xray (EDX). In this study, effects of the synthesised AgNPs were also evaluated on nucellus tissues germination frequency and biochemical parameters of plant tissues. Nucellus tissues of Citrus reticulata were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml suspension of the synthesised AgNPs. Green synthesised AgNPs enhanced the in vitro germination because of low toxicity and nonfriendly issues. Significant results were obtained for germination parameters i.e. root and shoot length and seedling vigour index in response to 30 µg/ml suspension of green synthesised AgNPs. The 30 µ/ml suspension of AgNPs also enhanced antioxidant activity (41%) and SOD activity (0.36 nM/min/mg FW) while total phenolic content (4.7 µg/mg FW) and total flavonoid content (1.1 µg/mg FW) was significantly high when MS medium was fortified with 40 µg/ml suspension of the synthesised AgNPs. The content of total protein was significant (558 µg/BSA Eq/mg FW) in control plantlets as compared to the other treatments.