Molecular Beacon Gold Nanosensors for Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein-1 Detection in Pathological Angiogenesis.

Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (Lrg1) is an emerging biomarker for angiogenesis. Its expression in ocular tissues is up-regulated in both human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and rodent models of pathological angiogenesis. However, there is no existing sensor that allows visualization and monitoring of Lrg1 expression noninvasively and in real time. Herein, we report a nucleic acid-gold nanorod-based nanosensor for the noninvasive monitoring of cellular Lrg1 expression in angiogenesis. Specifically, this platform is constructed by covalently conjugating molecular beacons onto gold nanorods, which prequench the fluorophores on the molecular beacons. Upon intracellular entry and endosomal escape, the complexes interact with cellular Lrg1 mRNA through hybridization of the loop area of the molecular beacons. This complexation distances the fluorophores from nanorod and restores the prequenched fluorescence. The reliability of this platform is confirmed by examining the increased Lrg1 expression in migrating keratinocytes and the Lrg1 gene changes in different postnatal stages of mouse retinal vasculature growth in the mouse retina model.