N V Nhung1, N B Hoa2, N T Anh3, L T Ngoc Anh4, A Siroka5, K Lönnroth6, I Garcia Baena5. 1. National Tuberculosis Programme Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam Association for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 2. National Tuberculosis Programme Viet Nam, Hanoi, Centre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France. 3. Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 4. National Tuberculosis Programme Viet Nam, Hanoi. 5. World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. 6. Department of Public Health Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Progress towards ending tuberculosis (TB) in Viet Nam includes monitoring the costs borne by patients through periodic facility-based surveys. OBJECTIVE: To document the magnitude of costs incurred by TB-affected households and establish a baseline for the top End TB indicator in Viet Nam. METHODS: A national survey with retrospective data collection and projection among 735 participants in 20 stratified clusters was conducted in 2016. Each patient was interviewed on costs, time loss, coping measures and asset ownership. Total costs were expressed as a proportion of annual household income. RESULTS: In Viet Nam, 63% of households affected by TB or multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) experienced costs that were >20% of their annual household income. The mean patient costs were respectively US$1054 and US$4302 per episode of TB and MDR-TB. The most significant drivers of mean costs were income loss reported and purchase of special foods, nutritional supplements, travel and accommodation. CONCLUSION: The proportion of households experiencing catastrophic total costs due to TB in Viet Nam is high, which poses a barrier to TB diagnosis and treatment. Based on study results, programme and partners need to identify key areas for policy action and work towards a national policy guide on intervention to reduce TB patient costs.
INTRODUCTION: Progress towards ending tuberculosis (TB) in Viet Nam includes monitoring the costs borne by patients through periodic facility-based surveys. OBJECTIVE: To document the magnitude of costs incurred by TB-affected households and establish a baseline for the top End TB indicator in Viet Nam. METHODS: A national survey with retrospective data collection and projection among 735 participants in 20 stratified clusters was conducted in 2016. Each patient was interviewed on costs, time loss, coping measures and asset ownership. Total costs were expressed as a proportion of annual household income. RESULTS: In Viet Nam, 63% of households affected by TB or multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) experienced costs that were >20% of their annual household income. The mean patient costs were respectively US$1054 and US$4302 per episode of TB and MDR-TB. The most significant drivers of mean costs were income loss reported and purchase of special foods, nutritional supplements, travel and accommodation. CONCLUSION: The proportion of households experiencing catastrophic total costs due to TB in Viet Nam is high, which poses a barrier to TB diagnosis and treatment. Based on study results, programme and partners need to identify key areas for policy action and work towards a national policy guide on intervention to reduce TB patient costs.
Authors: N Stracker; C Hanrahan; L Mmolawa; B Nonyane; R Tampi; A Tucker; N West; L Lebina; N Martinson; D Dowdy Journal: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Date: 2019-06-01 Impact factor: 2.373
Authors: Susan M McAllister; Bony Wiem Lestari; Trudy Sullivan; Panji Fortuna Hadisoemarto; Nur Afifah; Rosye Arosdiani Apip; Megan Murray; Philip C Hill; Bachti Alisjahbana Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2020-09 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Lan Huu Nguyen; Phuong Thi Minh Tran; Thu Anh Dam; Rachel Jeanette Forse; Andrew James Codlin; Huy Ba Huynh; Thuy Thi Thu Dong; Giang Hoai Nguyen; Vinh Van Truong; Ha Thi Minh Dang; Tuan Dinh Nguyen; Hoa Binh Nguyen; Nhung Viet Nguyen; Amera Khan; Jacob Creswell; Luan Nguyen Quang Vo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-05-07 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Collins Timire; Mkhokheli Ngwenya; Joconiah Chirenda; John Z Metcalfe; Katharina Kranzer; Debora Pedrazzoli; Kudakwashe C Takarinda; Peter Nguhiu; Geshem Madzingaidzo; Kwenzikweyinkosi Ndlovu; Tawanda Mapuranga; Morna Cornell; Charles Sandy Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2021-08-03 Impact factor: 2.622