| Literature DB >> 30092198 |
Marianita Santiana1, Sourish Ghosh1, Brian A Ho1, Vignesh Rajasekaran1, Wen-Li Du1, Yael Mutsafi1, Dennise A De Jésus-Diaz2, Stanislav V Sosnovtsev2, Eric A Levenson2, Gabriel I Parra3, Peter M Takvorian4, Ann Cali5, Christopher Bleck6, Anastasia N Vlasova7, Linda J Saif7, John T Patton8, Patrizia Lopalco9, Angela Corcelli9, Kim Y Green2, Nihal Altan-Bonnet10.
Abstract
In enteric viral infections, such as those with rotavirus and norovirus, individual viral particles shed in stool are considered the optimal units of fecal-oral transmission. We reveal that rotaviruses and noroviruses are also shed in stool as viral clusters enclosed within vesicles that deliver a high inoculum to the receiving host. Cultured cells non-lytically release rotaviruses and noroviruses inside extracellular vesicles. In addition, stools of infected hosts contain norovirus and rotavirus within vesicles of exosomal or plasma membrane origin. These vesicles remain intact during fecal-oral transmission and thereby transport multiple viral particles collectively to the next host, enhancing both the MOI and disease severity. Vesicle-cloaked viruses are non-negligible populations in stool and have a disproportionately larger contribution to infectivity than free viruses. Our findings indicate that vesicle-cloaked viruses are highly virulent units of fecal-oral transmission and highlight a need for antivirals targeting vesicles and virus clustering.Entities:
Keywords: exosomes; extracellular vesicles; fecal-oral; mucosal immunology; multiplicity of infection; norovirus; phosphatidylserine; rotavirus; viral transmission; virus
Mesh：
Year: 2018 PMID： 30092198 PMCID： PMC6226266 DOI： 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.006
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Cell Host Microbe ISSN： 1931-3128 Impact factor: 21.023