Simona Moffa1, Ilaria Improta1, Sandro Rocchetti2, Teresa Mezza3, Andrea Giaccari1. 1. Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCSS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. 2. Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. 3. Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCSS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: teresa.mezza@gmail.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) or Hirata disease is a rare cause of autoimmune hypoglycemia with apparent high insulin levels and anti-insulin autoantibodies and was first described by Hirata in Japan in 1970. IAS cases are usually related to exposure to sulfhydryl-containing drugs, which stimulate the production of insulin autoantibodies. Among sulfhydryl-containing compounds, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has recently emerged as a cause of IAS. After the first observations of ALA-induced IAS were reported in Japan in 2006, an increasing number of cases related to ALA administration have been described. An Italian group recently reported on six cases of IAS of which one was associated with HLA-DRB1*04:06 and the remaining five with HLA-DRB1*04:03. This suggests that the latter is potentially involved in the genetic susceptibility of people of European descent to IAS. METHODS: Here, we describe two new cases of IAS in women that were triggered by ALA. RESULTS: Both cases are associated with HLA-DRB1*04:03 and confirm the evidence that HLA-DRB1*04:03 rather than HLA-DRB1*04:06 is specifically related to IAS susceptibility in Europeans. CONCLUSIONS: Case reports of ALA-induced hypoglycemic episodes highlight the need for greater care in prescribing ALA supplementation as well as the identification of specific and personalized therapeutic targets.
OBJECTIVES:Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) or Hirata disease is a rare cause of autoimmune hypoglycemia with apparent high insulin levels and anti-insulin autoantibodies and was first described by Hirata in Japan in 1970. IAS cases are usually related to exposure to sulfhydryl-containing drugs, which stimulate the production of insulin autoantibodies. Among sulfhydryl-containing compounds, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has recently emerged as a cause of IAS. After the first observations of ALA-induced IAS were reported in Japan in 2006, an increasing number of cases related to ALA administration have been described. An Italian group recently reported on six cases of IAS of which one was associated with HLA-DRB1*04:06 and the remaining five with HLA-DRB1*04:03. This suggests that the latter is potentially involved in the genetic susceptibility of people of European descent to IAS. METHODS: Here, we describe two new cases of IAS in women that were triggered by ALA. RESULTS: Both cases are associated with HLA-DRB1*04:03 and confirm the evidence that HLA-DRB1*04:03 rather than HLA-DRB1*04:06 is specifically related to IAS susceptibility in Europeans. CONCLUSIONS: Case reports of ALA-induced hypoglycemic episodes highlight the need for greater care in prescribing ALA supplementation as well as the identification of specific and personalized therapeutic targets.
Authors: Rebecca I Spain; Nicole K Andeen; Pamela C Gibson; Mary H Samuels; Cynthia D Morris; Andrew J Solomon; Richard Solomon; Carin Waslo; Rupali S Avasare Journal: Kidney Int Date: 2021-10-16 Impact factor: 10.612