IMMUNOTHERAPY OF BLADDER CANCER. BCG VACCINE: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION, EFFICACY AND SAFETY.

Data on the principles of BCG vaccine action on the cancer of bladder are presented. Probable targets for BCG vaccine are estimated. Efficacy of BCG vaccine in non-muscle invasive cancer of bladder is analyzed. Side effects of BCG vaccine are examined. Possibilities of evaluating BCG vaccine usage at low (sub-therapeutical) doses are discussed. Various approaches to reducing the resistance of bladder cancer with respect to BCG vaccine are considered. The perspectives of bladder cancer immunotherapy are outlined.