OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) rates are higher among retired professional contact sport athletes than in noncontact athlete controls and compare history of contact sports with other MCI risk factors. SETTING: University Concussion Management Clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one retired National Football League and National Hockey League players and 21 aged-matched noncontact athlete controls. DESIGNS: Case-control. MAIN MEASURES: Comprehensive criteria were used to assess MCI based on the following: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; Trail Making Parts A and B; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition subtests; Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Memory Module List Learning, Story Learning, and Naming subtests; and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The Wide Range Achievement Test was used as a proxy measure for IQ. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors were self-reported and blood cholesterol was measured. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). RESULTS: Eight contact sport athletes (38%) and 3 noncontact athletes (14%) met MCI criteria (P = .083). Contact sport athletes' scores were significantly worse on Letter Fluency and List B Immediate Recall. Contact athletes were more obese, had more vascular risk factors, and had higher scores on the BDI than controls. CONCLUSION: Athletes with a history of playing professional contact sports had more vascular risk factors and higher depression scores. MCI rates were somewhat higher, though not significant.
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) rates are higher among retired professional contact sport athletes than in noncontact athlete controls and compare history of contact sports with other MCI risk factors. SETTING: University Concussion Management Clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one retired National Football League and National Hockey League players and 21 aged-matched noncontact athlete controls. DESIGNS: Case-control. MAIN MEASURES: Comprehensive criteria were used to assess MCI based on the following: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; Trail Making Parts A and B; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition subtests; Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Memory Module List Learning, Story Learning, and Naming subtests; and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The Wide Range Achievement Test was used as a proxy measure for IQ. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors were self-reported and blood cholesterol was measured. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). RESULTS: Eight contact sport athletes (38%) and 3 noncontact athletes (14%) met MCI criteria (P = .083). Contact sport athletes' scores were significantly worse on Letter Fluency and List B Immediate Recall. Contact athletes were more obese, had more vascular risk factors, and had higher scores on the BDI than controls. CONCLUSION: Athletes with a history of playing professional contact sports had more vascular risk factors and higher depression scores. MCI rates were somewhat higher, though not significant.
Authors: Michael L Alosco; Jesse Mez; Neil W Kowall; Thor D Stein; Lee E Goldstein; Robert C Cantu; Douglas I Katz; Todd M Solomon; Patrick T Kiernan; Lauren Murphy; Bobak Abdolmohammadi; Daniel Daneshvar; Philip H Montenigro; Christopher J Nowinski; Robert A Stern; Ann C McKee Journal: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2016-08-19 Impact factor: 2.198
Authors: Robert A Stern; Daniel H Daneshvar; Christine M Baugh; Daniel R Seichepine; Philip H Montenigro; David O Riley; Nathan G Fritts; Julie M Stamm; Clifford A Robbins; Lisa McHale; Irene Simkin; Thor D Stein; Victor E Alvarez; Lee E Goldstein; Andrew E Budson; Neil W Kowall; Christopher J Nowinski; Robert C Cantu; Ann C McKee Journal: Neurology Date: 2013-08-21 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Peter Elwood; Julieta Galante; Janet Pickering; Stephen Palmer; Antony Bayer; Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Marcus Longley; John Gallacher Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-12-09 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Michael L Alosco; Yorghos Tripodis; Inga K Koerte; Jonathan D Jackson; Alicia S Chua; Megan Mariani; Olivia Haller; Éimear M Foley; Brett M Martin; Joseph Palmisano; Bhupinder Singh; Katie Green; Christian Lepage; Marc Muehlmann; Nikos Makris; Robert C Cantu; Alexander P Lin; Michael Coleman; Ofer Pasternak; Jesse Mez; Sylvain Bouix; Martha E Shenton; Robert A Stern Journal: Front Hum Neurosci Date: 2019-12-20 Impact factor: 3.169