Renal kallikrein-kinin system.

In the last decade, our knowledge of the renal kallikrein-kinin system has been advanced significantly. More specific and sensitive methods for assessing its activity have been developed. Further, it has been found that in the kidney this system is localized in the distal nephron, where it appears to be linked to processes that control water and electrolyte excretion. Data indicate that the kallikrein-kinin system interacts with other renal hormonal systems such as the prostaglandin and renin-angiotension-kinin system may participate in the control of renal function and the pathophysiology of renal diseases. An increase in kallikrein excretion has been observed after administration of antihypertensive drugs. The kallikrein-kinin system may therefore participate in their mechanism(s) of action. Our current knowledge suggests that the renal kallikrein-kinin system is an integral part of the intrarenal hormonal system that controls water and electrolyte excretion and participates in the regulation of blood pressure.