Martin D Rosenthal1, Jayshil Patel2, Kyle Staton3, Robert G Martindale4, Frederick A Moore3, Gilbert R Upchurch5. 1. Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 10019, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0019, USA. martin.rosenthal@surgery.ufl.edu. 2. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. 3. Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 10019, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0019, USA. 4. Department of Surgery, Division Gastroenterology Surgery, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA. 5. Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Fish oil (FO) supplementation has historically been used by individuals suffering from cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory processes. However, a meta-analysis of several large randomized control trials (RCTs) suggested FO conferred no benefit in reducing cardiovascular risk. Skeptics surmised that the lack of benefit was related to FO dose or drug interactions; therefore, the widely accepted practice of FO consumption was brought into question. RECENT FINDINGS: Thereafter, Serhan et al. identified specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) to be one of the bioactive components and mechanisms of action of FO. SPMs are thought to enhance resolution of inflammation, as opposed to classic anti-inflammatory agents which inhibit inflammatory pathways. Numerous diseases, including persistent Inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolic syndrome (PICS), are rooted in a burden of chronic inflammation. SPMs are gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents used to resolve inflammation in cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, pancreatitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This narrative reviews the history of FO and the various studies that made the health benefits of FO inconclusive, as well as an overview of SPMs and their use in specific disease states.
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Fish oil (FO) supplementation has historically been used by individuals suffering from cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory processes. However, a meta-analysis of several large randomized control trials (RCTs) suggested FO conferred no benefit in reducing cardiovascular risk. Skeptics surmised that the lack of benefit was related to FO dose or drug interactions; therefore, the widely accepted practice of FO consumption was brought into question. RECENT FINDINGS: Thereafter, Serhan et al. identified specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) to be one of the bioactive components and mechanisms of action of FO. SPMs are thought to enhance resolution of inflammation, as opposed to classic anti-inflammatory agents which inhibit inflammatory pathways. Numerous diseases, including persistent Inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolic syndrome (PICS), are rooted in a burden of chronic inflammation. SPMs are gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents used to resolve inflammation in cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, pancreatitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This narrative reviews the history of FO and the various studies that made the health benefits of FO inconclusive, as well as an overview of SPMs and their use in specific disease states.
Authors: Juan C Mira; Lori F Gentile; Brittany J Mathias; Philip A Efron; Scott C Brakenridge; Alicia M Mohr; Frederick A Moore; Lyle L Moldawer Journal: Crit Care Med Date: 2017-02 Impact factor: 7.598
Authors: A Buffon; G Liuzzo; L M Biasucci; P Pasqualetti; V Ramazzotti; A G Rebuzzi; F Crea; A Maseri Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 1999-11-01 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Todd W Rice; Arthur P Wheeler; B Taylor Thompson; Bennett P deBoisblanc; Jay Steingrub; Peter Rock Journal: JAMA Date: 2011-10-05 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: L M Biasucci; G Liuzzo; R L Grillo; G Caligiuri; A G Rebuzzi; A Buffon; F Summaria; F Ginnetti; G Fadda; A Maseri Journal: Circulation Date: 1999-02-23 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Gabrielle Fredman; Sungwhan F Oh; Srinivas Ayilavarapu; Hatice Hasturk; Charles N Serhan; Thomas E Van Dyke Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-09-14 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Penny M Kris-Etherton; Chesney K Richter; Kate J Bowen; Ann C Skulas-Ray; Kristina Harris Jackson; Kristina S Petersen; William S Harris Journal: Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J Date: 2019 Jul-Sep
Authors: Dijoia B Darden; Julie A Stortz; McKenzie K Hollen; Michael C Cox; Camille G Apple; Russell B Hawkins; Jaimar C Rincon; Maria-Cecilia Lopez; Zhongkai Wang; Eduardo Navarro; Jennifer E Hagen; Hari K Parvataneni; Maigan A Brusko; Michael Kladde; Rhonda Bacher; Babette A Brumback; Scott C Brakenridge; Henry V Baker; Christopher R Cogle; Alicia M Mohr; Philip A Efron Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2020-06-24 Impact factor: 7.561