Comparative physiology and proteomics of two wheat genotypes differing in seed storage tolerance.

The longevity of seeds stored in Genebank is based on their storability. However, the mechanism of seed storability is largely unknown. In previous studies, accelerated ageing treatments were always applied for rapidly acquiring different seed viabilities, which could not reflect the actual situation during seed storage, especially for the seed stored in Genebank. In this study, two wheat genotypes (accession TRI_23248 and TRI_10230) were supplied by IPK-Gatersleben Genebank, Germany, where they were stored for 10 years in the long-term storage (-18 °C) and at ambient conditions (20 °C) The comparison of viability of those seed after this storage period, identified TRI_23248 as storage tolerant (ST) and TRI_10230 as storage sensitive (SS). The abundance patterns of proteins in these seeds identified 93 protein spots in the ST and 105 spots in the SS seeds that were markedly changed; their functions were mainly associated with disease or defense, protein destination and storage, energy, and other. The ST seeds possessed a stronger ability in activating the defense system against oxidative damage, utilizing storage proteins for germination, and maintaining energy metabolism for ATP supply. These results provided novel insights into the mechanism of seed storability, which can facilitate the comprehensive understanding of seed longevity.