Effects of cadmium inhalation on mitochondrial enzymes in rat tissues.

Pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects from a 2-h inhalation exposure to cadmium (850 micrograms Cd/m3) were studied in male rats. The effect of this chemical on mitochondrial enzyme activity in the lung, liver, kidney, and testis were investigated immediately after exposure and at 48, 144, and 336 h postexposure. In all tissues studied, mitochondrial citrate synthase activity was significantly increased immediately after the cessation of the exposure. This activity level began to decrease at 48 h postexposure. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased in the lungs and kidney at all periods tested, but increased activity was seen in the liver and testis. Cytochrome c oxidase activity in lungs and testis mitochondria was inhibited at all time periods studied. In the liver and kidney this activity was significantly increased immediately after the exposure ceased, and then a significant reduction began to appear at 48 h postexposure. This study demonstrates that inhaled cadmium, after deposition in the lungs, may alter various enzyme activities in other organs.