Andrea H Weinberger1, Lauren R Pacek2, Melanie M Wall3, Michael J Zvolensky4, Jan Copeland5, Sandro Galea6, Shadi Nahvi7, Scott J Moeller8, Deborah S Hasin9, Renee D Goodwin10. 1. Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: andrea.weinberger@einstein.yu.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Electronic address: lauren.pacek@duke.edu. 3. Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: mmw2177@cumc.columbia.edu. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: mjzvolen@central.uh.edu. 5. Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. Electronic address: j.copeland@unsw.edu.au. 6. School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: sgalea@bu.edu. 7. Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: snahvi@montefiore.org. 8. Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Electronic address: scott.moeller@stonybrookmedicine.edu. 9. Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: dsh2@columbia.edu. 10. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Implementation Science and Population Health, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: renee.goodwin@sph.cuny.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cannabis use is on the rise in the United States (US) and is disproportionately common among cigarette smokers. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) occurs among a small subset of cannabis users and may impact cigarette use. The objective of this study was to estimate trends in the prevalence of CUD among daily, non-daily, former, and never cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2016. METHODS: Data were drawn from cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of individuals ages 12 and older in the US that were collected annually. The prevalence of past 12-month CUD was estimated each year from 2002 to 2016 among daily, non-daily, former, and never cigarette smokers (total analytic N = 837,326). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of CUD decreased from 2002 to 2016. Yet, trends differed by cigarette smoking status. Adjusting for demographics, the prevalence of CUD increased significantly among non-daily smokers (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03) from 2002 to 2016 and did not change among daily, former, or never smokers. CUD was significantly more common among non-daily (4.32%) and daily cigarette smokers (2.92%) compared with former (0.99%) and never smokers (1.11%) in 2016. Approximately one in five (18.11%-22.87%) youth ages 12-17 who smoke cigarettes met criteria for CUD in 2016, compared with approximately 2% of non-smoking youth. CONCLUSIONS: Despite downward trends in CUD observed at the general population level, the prevalence of CUD significantly increased among non-daily cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2016. In the US, CUD remains significantly higher among cigarette smokers relative to non-cigarette smokers.
BACKGROUND: Cannabis use is on the rise in the United States (US) and is disproportionately common among cigarette smokers. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) occurs among a small subset of cannabis users and may impact cigarette use. The objective of this study was to estimate trends in the prevalence of CUD among daily, non-daily, former, and never cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2016. METHODS: Data were drawn from cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of individuals ages 12 and older in the US that were collected annually. The prevalence of past 12-month CUD was estimated each year from 2002 to 2016 among daily, non-daily, former, and never cigarette smokers (total analytic N = 837,326). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of CUD decreased from 2002 to 2016. Yet, trends differed by cigarette smoking status. Adjusting for demographics, the prevalence of CUD increased significantly among non-daily smokers (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03) from 2002 to 2016 and did not change among daily, former, or never smokers. CUD was significantly more common among non-daily (4.32%) and daily cigarette smokers (2.92%) compared with former (0.99%) and never smokers (1.11%) in 2016. Approximately one in five (18.11%-22.87%) youth ages 12-17 who smoke cigarettes met criteria for CUD in 2016, compared with approximately 2% of non-smoking youth. CONCLUSIONS: Despite downward trends in CUD observed at the general population level, the prevalence of CUD significantly increased among non-daily cigarette smokers from 2002 to 2016. In the US, CUD remains significantly higher among cigarette smokers relative to non-cigarette smokers.
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