Mao Hagihara1, Rieko Yamashita1, Asami Matsumoto2, Takeshi Mori3, Yasutoshi Kuroki4, Hayami Kudo5, Kentaro Oka4, Motomichi Takahashi4, Tsunemasa Nonogaki6, Yuka Yamagishi3, Hiroshige Mikamo7. 1. Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan. 2. Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan. 3. Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan. 4. Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan. 5. Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan. 6. Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjyo Gakuin University, Japan. 7. Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan. Electronic address: mikamo@aichi-med-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium that is used as an anti-diarrheal medicine in Japan. However, the impact of this probiotic on the gut microbiome has not been fully elucidated, especially, when used with antimicrobials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an in vivo study, CBM 588 monotherapy, clindamycin monotherapy, CBM 588 and clindamycin (combination therapy), or normal saline (control) was orally administered to mice for 4 days, and fecal samples were collected for 18 days to enumerate C. butyricum. We also extracted DNA from these fecal samples for metagenomics analysis by amplification of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and MiSeq Illumina sequencing. In addition, the concentrations of some short chain fatty acids were assessed in the fecal samples. A histological analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: On day 4 (the last treatment day), there was no difference in the total counts of C. butyricum between the CBM 588 monotherapy and combination therapy groups (5.21 ± 0.78 vs. 5.13 ± 0.45 log10 cfu/g, p = 0.86). Clindamycin treatment resulted in dramatic increases in the phylum Firmicutes, especially Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus, compared with the other groups during the treatment period. CBM 588 treatment modified the bacterial community composition at lower phylogenetic levels. Some bacterial taxa, such as Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, and Bacteroides, were significantly increased in the combination therapy group when compared with the other groups. In the metabolic analysis, CBM 588 enhanced lactic acid production. It also enhanced the efficiency of lactic acid use for the production of butyric acid. Only the clindamycin monotherapy group showed abnormal colon tissue, with superficial epithelial necrosis and the presence of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: CBM 588 treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition under dysbiosis due to the use of an antimicrobial with strong activity against anaerobes and significantly reduced epithelial damage.
BACKGROUND:Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium that is used as an anti-diarrheal medicine in Japan. However, the impact of this probiotic on the gut microbiome has not been fully elucidated, especially, when used with antimicrobials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an in vivo study, CBM 588 monotherapy, clindamycin monotherapy, CBM 588 and clindamycin (combination therapy), or normal saline (control) was orally administered to mice for 4 days, and fecal samples were collected for 18 days to enumerate C. butyricum. We also extracted DNA from these fecal samples for metagenomics analysis by amplification of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and MiSeq Illumina sequencing. In addition, the concentrations of some short chain fatty acids were assessed in the fecal samples. A histological analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: On day 4 (the last treatment day), there was no difference in the total counts of C. butyricum between the CBM 588 monotherapy and combination therapy groups (5.21 ± 0.78 vs. 5.13 ± 0.45 log10 cfu/g, p = 0.86). Clindamycin treatment resulted in dramatic increases in the phylum Firmicutes, especially Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus, compared with the other groups during the treatment period. CBM 588 treatment modified the bacterial community composition at lower phylogenetic levels. Some bacterial taxa, such as Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, and Bacteroides, were significantly increased in the combination therapy group when compared with the other groups. In the metabolic analysis, CBM 588 enhanced lactic acid production. It also enhanced the efficiency of lactic acid use for the production of butyric acid. Only the clindamycin monotherapy group showed abnormal colon tissue, with superficial epithelial necrosis and the presence of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION:CBM 588 treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition under dysbiosis due to the use of an antimicrobial with strong activity against anaerobes and significantly reduced epithelial damage.
Authors: Magdalena K Stoeva; Jeewon Garcia-So; Nicholas Justice; Julia Myers; Surabhi Tyagi; Madeleine Nemchek; Paul J McMurdie; Orville Kolterman; John Eid Journal: Gut Microbes Date: 2021 Jan-Dec
Authors: Bishnu Adhikari; Daniel Hernandez-Patlan; Bruno Solis-Cruz; Young Min Kwon; Margarita A Arreguin; Juan D Latorre; Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco; Billy M Hargis; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Journal: Front Vet Sci Date: 2019-08-27