M Franzetti1, A De Luca2, F Ceccherini-Silberstein3, V Spagnuolo4, E Nicastri5, C Mussini6, A Antinori5, L Monno7, J Vecchiet8, I Fanti9, A d'Arminio Monforte10, C Balotta11. 1. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: franzetti.marco@gmail.com. 2. Siena University Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Siena, Italy. 3. University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy. 4. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy. 5. National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy. 6. Clinic of Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Modena, Italy. 7. University of Bari, Department of Biomedical Science and Oncology, Bari, Italy. 8. University of Chieti, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Italy. 9. Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy. 10. San Paolo University Hospital Milan, Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy. 11. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that transmitted drug resistance (TDR) may be decreasing in latest years, likely because of the reduced frequency of acquired resistance. However, specific risk factors, geographical areas and special HIV-infected populations may be disproportionally affected by TDR. OBJECTIVES: Correlates of TDR and time trends were evaluated from 2007 to 2014. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated the genotypic results of 2155 naïve patients enrolled in the I.Co.N.A cohort at 23 clinical Centers in Italy between 2007 and 2014. A weighted analysis was performed to account for the patients enrolled in the cohort in each clinical Centre at each biennium (total number of patients: 3737). RESULTS: Overall prevalence of TDR was 10.7%. Independent predictors of TDR were sexual risk factor (OR 2.315, p = 0.020) and non-Italian geographical origin (OR 1.57, p = 0.038). The weighted prevalence of TDR was 10.5% with a stable proportion over calendar years. Generally, TDR prevalence was numerically higher, although not significantly, in clinical Centers of metropolitan areas with more than 3 millions of residents as compared to others (11.3% vs. 9.2%). The difference in TDR prevalence between these Centers decreased in more recent years. CONCLUSIONS: A stable frequency of TDR was observed during the most recent years in Italy, with opposite and converging trends in large metropolitan areas as compared to the rest of the country, suggesting a more homogeneous spread of TDR across the country in latest years. Concerns remain for sexual route of infection and non-Italian origin, reinforcing the need for specific prevention strategies prioritizing specific populations.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that transmitted drug resistance (TDR) may be decreasing in latest years, likely because of the reduced frequency of acquired resistance. However, specific risk factors, geographical areas and special HIV-infected populations may be disproportionally affected by TDR. OBJECTIVES: Correlates of TDR and time trends were evaluated from 2007 to 2014. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated the genotypic results of 2155 naïve patients enrolled in the I.Co.N.A cohort at 23 clinical Centers in Italy between 2007 and 2014. A weighted analysis was performed to account for the patients enrolled in the cohort in each clinical Centre at each biennium (total number of patients: 3737). RESULTS: Overall prevalence of TDR was 10.7%. Independent predictors of TDR were sexual risk factor (OR 2.315, p = 0.020) and non-Italian geographical origin (OR 1.57, p = 0.038). The weighted prevalence of TDR was 10.5% with a stable proportion over calendar years. Generally, TDR prevalence was numerically higher, although not significantly, in clinical Centers of metropolitan areas with more than 3 millions of residents as compared to others (11.3% vs. 9.2%). The difference in TDR prevalence between these Centers decreased in more recent years. CONCLUSIONS: A stable frequency of TDR was observed during the most recent years in Italy, with opposite and converging trends in large metropolitan areas as compared to the rest of the country, suggesting a more homogeneous spread of TDR across the country in latest years. Concerns remain for sexual route of infection and non-Italian origin, reinforcing the need for specific prevention strategies prioritizing specific populations.
Authors: Mafalda N S Miranda; Marta Pingarilho; Victor Pimentel; Maria do Rosário O Martins; Rolf Kaiser; Carole Seguin-Devaux; Roger Paredes; Maurizio Zazzi; Francesca Incardona; Ana B Abecasis Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2022-04-13 Impact factor: 5.640
Authors: Madita Schlösser; Vladimir V Kartashev; Visa H Mikkola; Andrey Shemshura; Sergey Saukhat; Dmitriy Kolpakov; Alexandr Suladze; Tatiana Tverdokhlebova; Katharina Hutt; Eva Heger; Elena Knops; Michael Böhm; Veronica Di Cristanziano; Rolf Kaiser; Anders Sönnerborg; Maurizio Zazzi; Marina Bobkova; Saleta Sierra Journal: Viruses Date: 2020-04-22 Impact factor: 5.048