M F Crane1, B J Searle1, M Kangas1,2, Y Nwiran1. 1. a Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia. 2. b Centre for Emotional Health , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to demands is normally considered to drain resources and threaten wellbeing. However, studies have indicated a resilience-strengthening role for stressors. OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces a unifying model, including five testable hypotheses regarding how resilience can be strengthened progressively via exposure to life-stressors. METHODS: We review and synthesize relevant scholarship that underpins the Systematic Self-Reflection model of resilience-strengthening. RESULTS: The model highlights the importance of a specific meta-cognitive skill (self-reflection on one's initial stressor response) as a mechanism for strengthening resilience. The Systematic Self-Reflection model uniquely proposes five self-reflective practices critical in the on-going adaptation of three resilient capacities: (1) coping resources, (2) usage of coping and emotional regulatory repertoire, and (3) resilient beliefs. The self-reflective process is proposed to strengthen a person's resilience by developing insight into their already-present capacities, the limitations of these capacities, and by stimulating the search for person-driven alternative approaches. CONCLUSION: This model extends the existing scholarship by proposing how the experience of stressors and adversity may have resilience-strengthening opportunities. The implication of this model is that engaging with stressors can have positive consequences for longer-term healthy emotional development if scaffolded in adaptive reflective practices.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to demands is normally considered to drain resources and threaten wellbeing. However, studies have indicated a resilience-strengthening role for stressors. OBJECTIVES: This paper introduces a unifying model, including five testable hypotheses regarding how resilience can be strengthened progressively via exposure to life-stressors. METHODS: We review and synthesize relevant scholarship that underpins the Systematic Self-Reflection model of resilience-strengthening. RESULTS: The model highlights the importance of a specific meta-cognitive skill (self-reflection on one's initial stressor response) as a mechanism for strengthening resilience. The Systematic Self-Reflection model uniquely proposes five self-reflective practices critical in the on-going adaptation of three resilient capacities: (1) coping resources, (2) usage of coping and emotional regulatory repertoire, and (3) resilient beliefs. The self-reflective process is proposed to strengthen a person's resilience by developing insight into their already-present capacities, the limitations of these capacities, and by stimulating the search for person-driven alternative approaches. CONCLUSION: This model extends the existing scholarship by proposing how the experience of stressors and adversity may have resilience-strengthening opportunities. The implication of this model is that engaging with stressors can have positive consequences for longer-term healthy emotional development if scaffolded in adaptive reflective practices.
Authors: Pedro García-Martínez; Rafael Ballester-Arnal; Kavita Gandhi-Morar; Jesús Castro-Calvo; Vicente Gea-Caballero; Raúl Juárez-Vela; Carlos Saus-Ortega; Raimunda Montejano-Lozoya; Eva María Sosa-Palanca; María Del Rosario Gómez-Romero; Eladio Collado-Boira Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-11 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: David T Ochmann; Keito F A Philippi; Peter Zeier; Magdalena Sandner; Barlo Hillen; Elmo W I Neuberger; Inigo Ruiz de Azua; Klaus Lieb; Michèle Wessa; Beat Lutz; Perikles Simon; Alexandra Brahmer Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2021-11-29
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