PURPOSE: To report a case of branch retinal artery wall rupture and subsequent branch retinal artery occlusion occurring during a routine pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling. METHODS: Case report. Multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and OCT angiography were performed. RESULTS: An 86-year-old woman presented with a symptomatic epiretinal membrane in the right eye. Pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peel was performed. During the peel, spontaneous preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhage emanating from an adjacent branch retinal artery developed. At postoperative Week 1, OCT showed retinal thinning and hyperreflectivity suggestive of vascular accident. At postoperative Year 1, OCT imaging revealed retinal atrophy while fluorescein angiography demonstrated the arterial occlusion, and OCT angiography illustrated reduction in retinal perfusion in the region of the branch retinal artery occlusion. CONCLUSION: The authors report an unusual case of retinal arterial wall rupture and hemorrhaging during routine pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peel resulting in a branch retinal artery occlusion and subsequent retinal atrophy. Surgeons must limit stress on the underlying retina during membrane peel to avoid this surgical complication.
PURPOSE: To report a case of branch retinal artery wall rupture and subsequent branch retinal artery occlusion occurring during a routine pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling. METHODS: Case report. Multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and OCT angiography were performed. RESULTS: An 86-year-old woman presented with a symptomatic epiretinal membrane in the right eye. Pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peel was performed. During the peel, spontaneous preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhage emanating from an adjacent branch retinal artery developed. At postoperative Week 1, OCT showed retinal thinning and hyperreflectivity suggestive of vascular accident. At postoperative Year 1, OCT imaging revealed retinal atrophy while fluorescein angiography demonstrated the arterial occlusion, and OCT angiography illustrated reduction in retinal perfusion in the region of the branch retinal artery occlusion. CONCLUSION: The authors report an unusual case of retinal arterial wall rupture and hemorrhaging during routine pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peel resulting in a branch retinal artery occlusion and subsequent retinal atrophy. Surgeons must limit stress on the underlying retina during membrane peel to avoid this surgical complication.