Abdul Albilali1, Esma Dilli2. 1. Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, 8219-2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada. 2. Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, 8219-2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada. esma.dilli@vch.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an updated overview of Photophobia with a particular focus on photophobia related to migraine. RECENT FINDINGS: Melanopsin-containing photoreceptors called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have been identified in the retina and explain the rational for photophobia in individuals who are blind. Photophobia, a sensory disturbance provoked by light, is a common neurological and ophthalmological symptom. Migraine, a common neurological condition, is pathognomonic of photophobia; however, other primary headache conditions, traumatic brain injury, and impairment of the optic pathway can cause photophobia. In addition, anterior and posterior segment ocular pathology, medications, and psychiatric conditions can result in photophobia. At least 2 (possibly three) distinct neural pathways are involved in photophobia. Some of the basic science regarding these pathways is discussed in this review including the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Management of photophobia includes treatment of the underlying etiology and conservative strategies such as wearing sunglasses.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an updated overview of Photophobia with a particular focus on photophobia related to migraine. RECENT FINDINGS: Melanopsin-containing photoreceptors called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have been identified in the retina and explain the rational for photophobia in individuals who are blind. Photophobia, a sensory disturbance provoked by light, is a common neurological and ophthalmological symptom. Migraine, a common neurological condition, is pathognomonic of photophobia; however, other primary headache conditions, traumatic brain injury, and impairment of the optic pathway can cause photophobia. In addition, anterior and posterior segment ocular pathology, medications, and psychiatric conditions can result in photophobia. At least 2 (possibly three) distinct neural pathways are involved in photophobia. Some of the basic science regarding these pathways is discussed in this review including the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Management of photophobia includes treatment of the underlying etiology and conservative strategies such as wearing sunglasses.
Authors: Juliette Johnson; Vincent Wu; Michael Donovan; Sriparna Majumdar; René C Rentería; Travis Porco; Russell N Van Gelder; David R Copenhagen Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2010-09-20 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Zhirong Fan; Zunbo Li; Faxiu Shen; Xueping Zhang; Lin Lei; Shengyao Su; Yan Lu; Li Di; Min Wang; Min Xu; Yuwei Da Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2020-10-27 Impact factor: 4.003