Takotsubo syndrome and chronic kidney disease: a deadly duet in long-term follow-up.

Introduction The prognosis of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) was recognized as benign. However, patients with TTS and chronic kidney disease (CKD) more often experience severe complications in the acute phase of the disease, particularly sudden cardiac arrest. Objectives We aimed to assess the impact of CKD on early and long-term outcomes, including mortality, among 95 patients with TTS. Patients and methods All patients underwent coronary angiography. Clinical, biochemical, and other medical data were recorded. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was assessed using the CKD‑EPI formula. Results CKD was diagnosed in 32% of the patients. Contrast‑induced acute kidney injury (CI‑AKI) was not reported in any of the patients. Patients with CKD were older but had a lower prevalence of positive cardiovascular family history as well as higher creatine kinase activity and concentrations of inflammatory parameters. During hospitalization, sudden cardiac arrest was more common in CKD patients. In‑hospital, 1‑year, and long‑term mortality rates were the highest in CKD patients, reaching 33.3% in long‑term follow‑up. Predictors of death in a multivariate analysis were body mass index, ejection fraction, and serum creatinine concentrations. Conclusions CKD is a novel and still underestimated risk factor for TTS. It may trigger TTS but, more importantly, it adversely affects the outcomes. Thus, it is important to assess kidney function in all patients with TTS to evaluate the risk of morbidity and mortality in follow‑up, as well as to adjust drug doses and implement preventive measures to avoid CI‑AKI when coronary angiography or contrast‑enhanced computed tomography is performed.