Katia Gazzola1, Marieke B Snijder2, G Kees Hovingh3, Erik S G Stroes3, Ron J G Peters4, Bert-Jan H van den Born3. 1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.gazzola@amc.uva.nl. 2. Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is limited information on differences in plasma lipid levels among the major ethnic groups in Europe. OBJECTIVE: We investigated ethnic differences in plasma lipid levels in a large multiethnic cohort and explored the contribution of obesity and other determinants to ethnic differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels. METHODS: We compared lipid profiles among 21,617 participants (aged 18 to 70 years) of Moroccan, Ghanaian, South Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Turkish and Dutch ethnic origin, living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Fasting total cholesterol, HDL-C, and TG were measured while fasting. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald formula and corrected for lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Mean LDL-C ranged from 2.84 ± 0.22 mmol/L in Moroccans to 3.13 ± 0.06 mmol/L in South Asian Surinamese participants. Mean HDL-C ranged from 1.30 ± 0.15 mmol/L in Turkish to 1.62 ± 0.10 mmol/L in Ghanaian participants. Mean TG ranged from 0.64 ± 1.18 mmol/L in Ghanaian to 1.00 ± 1.18 mmol/L in South Asian Surinamese and 1.00 ± 1.27 mmol/L in Turkish origin participants. The differences in LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels remained present after adjustment for age and sex. Differences between ethnic groups were significantly attenuated after adjustment for other determinants, including body mass index, diabetes and use of lipid-lowering drugs but remained significant. CONCLUSION: Large ethnic differences exist in lipid components, especially HDL-C and TG levels with a higher HDL-C and lower TG levels among African (Ghanaian and Surinamese) origin participants and the most unfavorable lipid profiles among individuals of South Asian Surinamese and Turkish origin.
BACKGROUND: There is limited information on differences in plasma lipid levels among the major ethnic groups in Europe. OBJECTIVE: We investigated ethnic differences in plasma lipid levels in a large multiethnic cohort and explored the contribution of obesity and other determinants to ethnic differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels. METHODS: We compared lipid profiles among 21,617 participants (aged 18 to 70 years) of Moroccan, Ghanaian, South Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Turkish and Dutch ethnic origin, living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Fasting total cholesterol, HDL-C, and TG were measured while fasting. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald formula and corrected for lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Mean LDL-C ranged from 2.84 ± 0.22 mmol/L in Moroccans to 3.13 ± 0.06 mmol/L in South Asian Surinamese participants. Mean HDL-C ranged from 1.30 ± 0.15 mmol/L in Turkish to 1.62 ± 0.10 mmol/L in Ghanaian participants. Mean TG ranged from 0.64 ± 1.18 mmol/L in Ghanaian to 1.00 ± 1.18 mmol/L in South Asian Surinamese and 1.00 ± 1.27 mmol/L in Turkish origin participants. The differences in LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels remained present after adjustment for age and sex. Differences between ethnic groups were significantly attenuated after adjustment for other determinants, including body mass index, diabetes and use of lipid-lowering drugs but remained significant. CONCLUSION: Large ethnic differences exist in lipid components, especially HDL-C and TG levels with a higher HDL-C and lower TG levels among African (Ghanaian and Surinamese) origin participants and the most unfavorable lipid profiles among individuals of South Asian Surinamese and Turkish origin.
Authors: Wilco Perini; Marieke B Snijder; Charles Agyemang; Ron Jg Peters; Anton E Kunst; Irene Gm van Valkengoed Journal: Eur J Prev Cardiol Date: 2019-07-25 Impact factor: 7.804
Authors: Wilco Perini; Marieke B Snijder; Ron J Peters; Anton E Kunst; Irene G van Valkengoed Journal: Eur J Prev Cardiol Date: 2019-06-01 Impact factor: 7.804