Ying Yang1,2, Haiyan Zhao1,3, Ma Aidi1, Yu Kou1. 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 2. School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. 3. Shandong Luxi Prison, Jining, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have found lower well-being among prisoners than in the general population. Positive psychological interventions provide fruitful ways of enhancing people's well-being, but little is known about whether these contribute to prisoners' well-being. AIMS: To test the effects of two typical positive psychological interventions - kindness and gratitude - on Chinese prisoners' well-being. METHODS:One hundred and forty-four participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: kindness or gratitude groups in addition to 'treatment as usual' and a control condition of treatment as usual alone, with 48 men in each condition. Participants completed established well-being measures before and after the 6-week intervention and a similar period in control conditions. RESULTS: Both kindness and gratitude interventions significantly increased prisoners' well-being compared to the control group. The kindness intervention promoted higher well-being than the gratitude intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Although both kindness and gratitude interventions enhanced prisoners' happiness and mitigated negative affect, the weaker effect of the gratitude condition reflects Chinese strongly communal culture, so further cross-cultural studies would be of interest. Future research should also include longer term follow-up and expand the work to include women in prison.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Studies have found lower well-being among prisoners than in the general population. Positive psychological interventions provide fruitful ways of enhancing people's well-being, but little is known about whether these contribute to prisoners' well-being. AIMS: To test the effects of two typical positive psychological interventions - kindness and gratitude - on Chinese prisoners' well-being. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: kindness or gratitude groups in addition to 'treatment as usual' and a control condition of treatment as usual alone, with 48 men in each condition. Participants completed established well-being measures before and after the 6-week intervention and a similar period in control conditions. RESULTS: Both kindness and gratitude interventions significantly increased prisoners' well-being compared to the control group. The kindness intervention promoted higher well-being than the gratitude intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Although both kindness and gratitude interventions enhanced prisoners' happiness and mitigated negative affect, the weaker effect of the gratitude condition reflects Chinese strongly communal culture, so further cross-cultural studies would be of interest. Future research should also include longer term follow-up and expand the work to include women in prison.
Authors: Jesus Alfonso D Datu; Jana Patricia M Valdez; Dennis M McInerney; Ryan Francis Cayubit Journal: Appl Psychol Health Well Being Date: 2021-10-20