Gendered Innovations in the Study of Cardiovascular Diseases.

The chapter summarizes modern knowledge on gender aspects of major cardiovascular diseases starting from basic research. It covers arterial hypertension along with treatment aspects in males and females, as well as menopausal replacement therapy and testosterone use. Authors analyze both literature and original data on obesity and metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias including gender aspects of sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathies, and diseases of aorta and aortic valve. A significant part deals with cardiac imaging and sex differences.