Jorrit L Opstelten1, Jeanne H M de Vries2, Anouk Wools1, Peter D Siersema3, Bas Oldenburg1, Ben J M Witteman4. 1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 2. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 4. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, P.O. Box 9025, 6710 HN, Ede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ben.witteman@wur.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often hold strong beliefs on how diet impacts their disease. This study aimed to compare dietary intakes between IBD patients and individuals from the general population and to assess associations of dietary factors with relapse in patients with IBD. METHODS: Patients with longstanding Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (n = 165) filled out food frequency questionnaires, as did individuals participating in a Dutch population-based study (controls) (n = 1469). Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess differences in habitual dietary intake between IBD patients and controls, and to estimate associations of dietary factors in patients in remission with the development of disease relapse at follow-up. RESULTS: IBD patients had higher intakes of animal protein (3.50 g/d, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67-5.34) and carbohydrate (10.1 g/d, 95% CI 5.23-14.9) than controls and lower intakes of (unsaturated) fat (-3.53 g/d, 95% CI -5.57- -1.50), dietary fiber (-2.19 g/d, 95% CI -3.05- -1.32) and alcohol (-0.84 g/d, 95% CI -1.46- -0.22). This was explained by a higher consumption of carbonated beverages, meat and poultry and lower consumption of fruit, vegetables and dairy products (except cheese) by IBD patients compared with controls. Several dietary factors, particularly (saturated) fat and fiber, appeared to be associated with risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: IBD patients had higher dietary intakes of (animal) protein and carbohydrate and lower intakes of (unsaturated) fat, dietary fiber and alcohol compared with a general Dutch population. The results further underscore that dietary factors may have a role in disease course.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often hold strong beliefs on how diet impacts their disease. This study aimed to compare dietary intakes between IBDpatients and individuals from the general population and to assess associations of dietary factors with relapse in patients with IBD. METHODS:Patients with longstanding Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (n = 165) filled out food frequency questionnaires, as did individuals participating in a Dutch population-based study (controls) (n = 1469). Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess differences in habitual dietary intake between IBDpatients and controls, and to estimate associations of dietary factors in patients in remission with the development of disease relapse at follow-up. RESULTS:IBDpatients had higher intakes of animal protein (3.50 g/d, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67-5.34) and carbohydrate (10.1 g/d, 95% CI 5.23-14.9) than controls and lower intakes of (unsaturated)fat (-3.53 g/d, 95% CI -5.57- -1.50), dietary fiber (-2.19 g/d, 95% CI -3.05- -1.32) and alcohol (-0.84 g/d, 95% CI -1.46- -0.22). This was explained by a higher consumption of carbonated beverages, meat and poultry and lower consumption of fruit, vegetables and dairy products (except cheese) by IBDpatients compared with controls. Several dietary factors, particularly (saturated) fat and fiber, appeared to be associated with risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS:IBDpatients had higher dietary intakes of (animal) protein and carbohydrate and lower intakes of (unsaturated)fat, dietary fiber and alcohol compared with a general Dutch population. The results further underscore that dietary factors may have a role in disease course.
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