Rapid glucose-dependent increases in phosphatidic acid and phosphoinositides in rat pancreatic islets.

Glucose effects on islet phospholipids were examined during direct incubation or after 3 days of 32P prelabeling in primary culture. In both cases, glucose increased the 32P content of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and polyphosphoinositides (PPI). Glucose-induced increases in PA, PI, and PPI in the culture-prelabeling experiments were evident within 1 min, dose related, and reflective of increases in phospholipid mass, which was confirmed in direct incubations by measurement of PI phosphorus. Thus, in addition to increasing PI-PPI hydrolysis, glucose increases de novo phospholipid synthesis in pancreatic islets. The latter may result from enhanced glycolysis and substrate availability for PA-PI-PPI synthesis, since glyceraldehyde and pyruvic acid also increased PI levels. Our findings raise the possibility that increases in PA, PI, and PPI synthesis could serve as a mechanism to enhance the generation of intracellular mediators, which are purported to regulate insulin secretion.