Robert Fong1, Lingzhi Wang, James P Zacny, Suhail Khokhar, Jeffrey L Apfelbaum, Aaron P Fox, Zheng Xie. 1. From the Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care (R.F., L.W., J.P.Z., S.K., J.L.A., Z.X.) Neurobiology (A.P.F.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois the Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (L.W.) the Cancer Center (J.P.Z.) the College of Medicine (S.K.), University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND: : There are currently no drugs clinically available to reverse general anesthesia. We previously reported that caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from anesthesia in rodents. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that caffeine accelerates emergence from anesthesia in humans. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind crossover study with eight healthy males. Each subject was anesthetized twice with 1.2% isoflurane for 1 h. During the final 10 min of each session, participants received an IV infusion of either caffeine citrate (15 mg/kg, equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg of caffeine base) or saline placebo. The primary outcome was the average difference in time to emergence after isoflurane discontinuation between caffeine and saline sessions. Secondary outcomes included the end-tidal isoflurane concentration at emergence, vital signs, and Bispectral Index values measured throughout anesthesia and emergence. Additional endpoints related to data gathered from postanesthesia psychomotor testing. RESULTS: All randomized participants were included in the analysis. The mean time to emergence with saline was 16.5 ± 3.9 (SD) min compared to 9.6 ± 5.1 (SD) min with caffeine (P = 0.002), a difference of 6.9 min (99% CI, 1.8 to 12), a 42% reduction. Participants emerged at a higher expired isoflurane concentration, manifested more rapid return to baseline Bispectral Index values, and were able to participate in psychomotor testing sooner when receiving caffeine. There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs with caffeine administration and caffeine-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS:Intravenous caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in healthy males without any apparent adverse effects.
RCT Entities:
WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND: : There are currently no drugs clinically available to reverse general anesthesia. We previously reported that caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from anesthesia in rodents. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that caffeine accelerates emergence from anesthesia in humans. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind crossover study with eight healthy males. Each subject was anesthetized twice with 1.2% isoflurane for 1 h. During the final 10 min of each session, participants received an IV infusion of either caffeine citrate (15 mg/kg, equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg of caffeine base) or saline placebo. The primary outcome was the average difference in time to emergence after isoflurane discontinuation between caffeine and saline sessions. Secondary outcomes included the end-tidal isoflurane concentration at emergence, vital signs, and Bispectral Index values measured throughout anesthesia and emergence. Additional endpoints related to data gathered from postanesthesia psychomotor testing. RESULTS: All randomized participants were included in the analysis. The mean time to emergence with saline was 16.5 ± 3.9 (SD) min compared to 9.6 ± 5.1 (SD) min with caffeine (P = 0.002), a difference of 6.9 min (99% CI, 1.8 to 12), a 42% reduction. Participants emerged at a higher expired isoflurane concentration, manifested more rapid return to baseline Bispectral Index values, and were able to participate in psychomotor testing sooner when receiving caffeine. There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs with caffeine administration and caffeine-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in healthy males without any apparent adverse effects.
Authors: J L Galinkin; D Janiszewski; C J Young; J M Klafta; P A Klock; D W Coalson; J L Apfelbaum; J P Zacny Journal: Anesthesiology Date: 1997-11 Impact factor: 7.892
Authors: Risako Kato; Edlyn R Zhang; Olivia G Mallari; Olivia A Moody; Kathleen F Vincent; Eric D Melonakos; Morgan J Siegmann; Christa J Nehs; Timothy T Houle; Oluwaseun Akeju; Ken Solt Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2021-05-18 Impact factor: 5.810
Authors: Phillip E Vlisides; Duan Li; Amy McKinney; Joseph Brooks; Aleda M Leis; Graciela Mentz; Alexander Tsodikov; Mackenzie Zierau; Jacqueline Ragheb; Daniel J Clauw; Michael S Avidan; Giancarlo Vanini; George A Mashour Journal: Anesth Analg Date: 2021-07-01 Impact factor: 6.627
Authors: Olivia A Moody; Edlyn R Zhang; Kathleen F Vincent; Risako Kato; Eric D Melonakos; Christa J Nehs; Ken Solt Journal: Anesth Analg Date: 2021-05-01 Impact factor: 6.627