Eduardo R Butelman1, Carina Y Chen2, Rebecca S Fry2, Rachel Kimani2, Orna Levran2, Jürg Ott3, Joel Correa da Rosa4, Mary Jeanne Kreek2. 1. Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. Electronic address: butelme@rockefeller.edu. 2. Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. 3. Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. 4. Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University Hospital, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scales provide a rapid assessment of maximal self-exposure to specific drugs and can be used as a dimensional instrument. This study provides a re-evaluation of the KMSK scales for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin in a relatively large multi-ethnic cohort, and also the first systematic comparison of gender-specific profiles of drug exposure with this scale. METHODS: This was an observational study of n = 1,133 consecutively ascertained adult volunteers. The main instruments used were the SCID-I interview (DSM-IV criteria) and KMSK scales for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin. RESULTS: Participants were 852 volunteers (297 female) with specific DSM-IV abuse or dependence diagnoses, and 281 volunteers without any drug diagnoses (154 female). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for concurrent validity of KMSK scores with the respective DSM-IV dependence diagnoses. The areas under the ROC curves for men and women combined were 99.5% for heroin, 97% for cocaine, 93% for alcohol, and 85% for cannabis. Newly determined optimal KMSK "cutpoint" scores were identical for men and women for cocaine and heroin dependence diagnoses, but were higher in men than in women, for cannabis and alcohol dependence diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the scales' effectiveness in performing rapid dimensional analyses for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin exposure, in a cohort larger than previously reported, with "cutpoints" changed from initial determinations, based on this larger sample. The KMSK scales also detected gender differences in self-exposure to alcohol and cannabis that are associated with the respective dependence diagnoses.
BACKGROUND: The Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scales provide a rapid assessment of maximal self-exposure to specific drugs and can be used as a dimensional instrument. This study provides a re-evaluation of the KMSK scales for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin in a relatively large multi-ethnic cohort, and also the first systematic comparison of gender-specific profiles of drug exposure with this scale. METHODS: This was an observational study of n = 1,133 consecutively ascertained adult volunteers. The main instruments used were the SCID-I interview (DSM-IV criteria) and KMSK scales for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin. RESULTS:Participants were 852 volunteers (297 female) with specific DSM-IV abuse or dependence diagnoses, and 281 volunteers without any drug diagnoses (154 female). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for concurrent validity of KMSK scores with the respective DSM-IV dependence diagnoses. The areas under the ROC curves for men and women combined were 99.5% for heroin, 97% for cocaine, 93% for alcohol, and 85% for cannabis. Newly determined optimal KMSK "cutpoint" scores were identical for men and women for cocaine and heroin dependence diagnoses, but were higher in men than in women, for cannabis and alcohol dependence diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the scales' effectiveness in performing rapid dimensional analyses for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin exposure, in a cohort larger than previously reported, with "cutpoints" changed from initial determinations, based on this larger sample. The KMSK scales also detected gender differences in self-exposure to alcohol and cannabis that are associated with the respective dependence diagnoses.
Authors: Vadim Yuferov; Matthew Randesi; Eduardo R Butelman; Wim van den Brink; Peter Blanken; Jan M van Ree; Jürg Ott; Mary Jeanne Kreek Journal: Neurosci Lett Date: 2019-03-29 Impact factor: 3.046
Authors: Jin H Yoon; Robert Suchting; Sarah A McKay; Guadalupe G San Miguel; Anka A Vujanovic; Angela L Stotts; Scott D Lane; Jessica N Vincent; Michael F Weaver; Austin Lin; Joy M Schmitz Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2019-06-24
Authors: Eduardo R Butelman; Carina Y Chen; Kimberly J Lake; Kate G Brown; Mary Jeanne Kreek Journal: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol Date: 2020-10-29 Impact factor: 3.157
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