Deep brain stimulation for epilepsy.

The efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) for epilepsy (SANTE) trial was demonstrated by a randomized trial by Fisher et al. (2010). Based on this trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently granted approval for DBS therapy for epilepsy; the indication is as follows: "Bilateral stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) for epilepsy is indicated as an adjunctive therapy for reducing the frequency of seizures in individuals 18 years of age or older diagnosed with epilepsy characterized by partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization that are refractory to three or more antiepileptic medications". This paper reviews the experimental data and the clinical experience using DBS for the treatment of epilepsy. "This article is part of the Supplement issue Neurostimulation for Epilepsy."