Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Severe Aplastic Anemia Patients with Infection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

To assess the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients with infection, we conducted a retrospective study on 65 SAA patients with infection who received allo-HSCT from August 2012 to December 2016. All patients received antibacterial and/or antifungal therapy before transplantation. The infection status after initial anti-infection therapy was classified as complete response (CR) (n = 14) or partial response/stable disease (PR/SD) (n = 51) before transplantation. The median times for myeloid engraftment in the PR/SD and CR groups were 10.5 days (range, 7 to 22) and 10 days (range, 8 to 11), with cumulative incidences of 98% and 100%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 788 days (range, 181 to 1758), patients with PR/SD had comparable results for 3-year estimated overall survival (85.4% versus 92.9%, P = .530) and 3-year failure-free survival (82.7% versus 92.9%, P = .458) with 14 patients with CR who received contemporaneous transplantation. In multivariate analysis, poor survival outcomes for the entire cohort was significantly associated with poor pretransplantation performance status. This retrospective study indicated that allo-HSCT may be a feasible therapeutic option for SAA patients with infection.