Literature DB >> 30021003

Correction: Justifying gender discrimination in the workplace: The mediating role of motherhood myths.

Catherine Verniers, Jorge Vala.   

Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190657.].

Entities:  

Year:  2018        PMID: 30021003      PMCID: PMC6051661          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201150

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  PLoS One        ISSN: 1932-6203            Impact factor:   3.240


There is an error in the first sentence of the “Goodness of fit of the models” section in the Results. The correct sentence is: Inspection of the fit indices indicates that the hypothesized model fits the data better than the first alternative model in 17 out of the 18 analyzed countries (Table 3).
Table 3

Goodness-of-fit indices for the hypothesized mediational model and alternative models by country.

Countryχ 2CFIRMSEASRMRAICΔ χ 2
Austria
Hypothesized model (df = 3)48.42.979.09 [.06, .11].0222973
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)216.76.900.16 [.15, .18].0923139168.3
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)658.16.694.26 [.24, .28].2023578609.7
Australia
Hypothesized model (df = 3)48.11.991.07 [.05, .09].0130100
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)674.91.860.24 [.23, .26].1430725626.8
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)1024.1.787.27 [.25, .28].2231072975.9
Bulgaria
Hypothesized model (df = 3)16.98.989.05 [.03, .07].0124157
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)155.14.885.14 [.12, .16].0924293138.1
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)290.97.782.18 [.16, .19].1324427273.99
Canada
Hypothesized model (df = 3)37.11.990.07 [.05, .10].0121349
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)481.23.862.25 [.23, .27].1421791444.1
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)736.87.789.28 [.26, .30].2322045699.7
Czech Republic
Hypothesized model (df = 3)12.85.997.03 [.01, .05].0132739
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)223.65.924.14 [.13, .16].1032948210.7
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)370.17.874.17 [.15, .18].1333092357.3
Germany
Hypothesized model (df = 3)124.93.985.09 [.08, .11].0151390
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)1117.9.862.25 [.24, .26].1452381992.9
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)1771.5.781.28 [.27, .29].23530331646.6
Great Britain
Hypothesized model (df = 3)52.72.980.10 [.08, .12].0216887
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)275.4.892.21 [.18, .23].1217108222.6
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)616.97.757.28 [.26, .30].2217447564.2
Ireland
Hypothesized model (df = 3)22.24.994.06 [.03, .08].0120263
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)322.73.898.21 [.19, .23].1220561300.4
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)712.91.772.28 [.27, .30].2320949690.6
Israel
Hypothesized model (df = 3)17.96.994.04 [.02, .07].0126052
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)226.37.906.15 [.14, .17].1026258208.4
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)505.04.788.21 [.19, .22].1626535487
Japan
Hypothesized model (df = 3)26.12.984.06 [.04, .08].0226339
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)113.88.926.11 [.10, .13].082642487.75
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)214.43.859.14 [.13, .16].1026523188.3
Norway
Hypothesized model (df = 3)50.45.993.07 [.05, .09].0132416
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)891.07.865.27 [.25, .28].1433254840.6
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)1558.4.764.32 [.31, .33].27339201508
Philippines
Hypothesized model (df = 3)16.45.986.04 [.02, .06].0129706
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)31.9.970.05 [.03, .07].032971915.4
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)180.81.814.12 [.10, .14].0829866164.3
Poland
Hypothesized model (df = 3)30.66.991.06 [.04, .08].0128411
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)166.52.948.13 [.11, .15].0728545135.8
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)993.28.683.29 [.28, .31].2229369962.6
Russia
Hypothesized model (df = 3)11.86.997.03 [.01, .05].0035329
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)325.42.882.16 [.14, .17].1135640313.5
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)387.38.859.16 [.14, .17].1235700375.5
Slovenia
Hypothesized model (df = 3)4.83.999.01 [.00, .04].0022546
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)362.28.889.21 [.20, .23].1322902357.4
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)595.08.817.25 [.23, .26].2123133590.2
Spain
Hypothesized model (df = 3)47.87.992.05 [.04, .07].0148461
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)303.57.945.13 [.12, .14].0848715255.7
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)1388.5.746.25 [.24, .26].19497981340.6
Sweden
Hypothesized model (df = 3)41.46.990.08 [.06, .10].0120646
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)425.37.887.23 [.21, .25].1221027383.9
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)994.45.735.32 [.30, .33].2521595952.9
USA
Hypothesized model (df = 3)2.701.00.00 [.00, .03].0025313
Alternative model 1 (df = 4)354.48.889.20 [.18, .22].1225663351.7
Alternative model 2 (df = 5)683.44.785.25 [.23, .26].2025990680.7

Δ χ2 compares each alternative model with the hypothesized mediational model. All Δ χ2 tests are significant at p < .001.

There is an error in the third sentence of the “Goodness of fit of the models” section in the Results. The correct sentence is: The comparison of the fit indices indicates that the two models fit the data to almost the same extent in the remaining country (i.e., Philippines). There are errors in the second paragraph of the “Test of the relationships between variables” section in the Results. The correct paragraph is: In order to provide an overview of the proposed mediational model, we next present the analyses conducted on the total of the 17 countries retained. The hypothesized mediational model shows acceptable fit to the data, χ2(3, N = 40708) = 358.62, p < .001, CFI = .994, RMSEA = .05 [90% CI = .04, .05], SRMR = .01, AIC = 507004. Inspection of the fit indices of the first alternative model where endorsement of motherhood myths predicted sexism that, in turn, predicted opposition confirms that this alternative model shows poorer fit to the data than the proposed model, χ2(4, N = 40708) = 5043.38, p < .001, CFI = .917, RMSEA = .17 [90% CI = .17, .18], SRMR = .10, AIC = 511687, Δ χ2 (1, 40708) = 4684.8 p < .001. The second alternative model, where opposition to women’s career predicted motherhood myths shows poor fit to the data, χ2(5, N = 40708) = 14000.04, p < .001, CFI = .769, RMSEA = .26 [90% CI = .25, .26], SRMR = .21, AIC = 520641, and accordingly fits the data less well than the proposed mediational model, Δ χ2 (1, 40708) = 13641 p < .001. As can be seen in Fig 1, the standardized regression coefficient for the direct effect of sexism on opposition to women’s career is significant (β = .23, p < .001). In addition, the unstandardized estimate for the indirect effect excludes zero (.11, SE = 0.002, bias corrected 95% CI [.10, .11]) and, therefore, is significant. Taken together, analyses conducted on the whole sample, as well as on each country separately, support our main assumption that endorsement of motherhood myths is a significant mediator of the relationship between sexism and opposition to women’s career.
Fig 1

Standardized maximum likelihood coefficients for the structural equation model testing the relationship between sexism and opposition to women’s career, mediated by the endorsement of motherhood myths.

The loading of the single indicator of the sexism variable and the loading of the first indicator of the motherhood myths and opposition variables are constrained to 1.00. The coefficient in parentheses represents parameter estimate for the total effect of prejudice on opposition to women’s career. *** p < .001.

Fig 1 is incorrect and the caption for Fig 1 is incomplete. The authors have provided a corrected Fig 1 and a complete, correct Fig 1 caption here.

Standardized maximum likelihood coefficients for the structural equation model testing the relationship between sexism and opposition to women’s career, mediated by the endorsement of motherhood myths.

The loading of the single indicator of the sexism variable and the loading of the first indicator of the motherhood myths and opposition variables are constrained to 1.00. The coefficient in parentheses represents parameter estimate for the total effect of prejudice on opposition to women’s career. *** p < .001. Table 3 is incorrect. The authors have provided a corrected version here. Δ χ2 compares each alternative model with the hypothesized mediational model. All Δ χ2 tests are significant at p < .001. Table 4 is incorrect. The authors have provided an updated Table 4 here.
Table 4

Standardized maximum likelihood coefficients estimated for the hypothesized model by country.

CountrySexism effect on mythsMyths effect on oppositionTotal effectIndirect effectDirect effect
Austria.53***.50***.57***.27***.30***
Australia.56***.68***.54***.38***.15***
Bulgaria.41***.44***.33***.18***.14***
Canada.57***.67***.58***.38***.19***
Czech Republic.31***.38***.37***.12***.25***
Germany.60***.69***.53***.41***.12***
Great Britain.57***.56***.55***.32***.22***
Ireland.57***.57***.58***.33***.24***
Israel.44***.46***.45***.20***.24***
Japan.30***.33***.29***.10***.18***
Norway.66***.75***.62***.50***.12***
Poland.56***.37***.61***.20***.40***
Russia.34***.47***.33***.16***.17***
Slovenia.52***.58***.50***.30***.19***
Spain.46***.35***.54***.16***.37***
Sweden.67***.69***.56***.46***.10**
USA.55***.59***.48***.33***.14***

Significance of the indirect effects was estimated using bootstrap analyses with 1000 bootstrapping resamples.

** p < .005

*** p < .001.

Significance of the indirect effects was estimated using bootstrap analyses with 1000 bootstrapping resamples. ** p < .005 *** p < .001.
  1 in total

1.  Justifying gender discrimination in the workplace: The mediating role of motherhood myths.

Authors:  Catherine Verniers; Jorge Vala
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2018-01-09       Impact factor: 3.240

  1 in total

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