Cheng-Yu Lin1, Perng-Jy Tsai2, Kuei-Yi Lin3, Chih-Yong Chen4, Lin-Hui Chung4, Jiunn-Liang Wu5, Yueliang Leon Guo6. 1. Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, North District, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, North District, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.125, Zhong-Shan Road, West Central District, Tainan City, 700, Taiwan. 2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, North District, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan. 3. Human Factor and Ergonomics Section, System Development Center, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 90008-6-20, Lung-Tan, Tao-Yuan, 325, Taiwan. 4. Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, Executive Yuan, No.99, Lane 407, Heng-Ke Road, Si-Jhih District, New Taipei City, 221, Taiwan. 5. Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, North District, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan. 6. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Room C339, No. 17, Syu-Jhou Road, Jhong-Jheng District, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Ke-Yan Road, Zhu-Nan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan. Electronic address: leonguo@ntu.edu.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nighttime environmental noise affects sleep quality. However, the effects of daytime occupational noise remain unclear. METHODS: A quasi-experiment of 48 participants who had been employed for at least six months in two hospital cafeterias. The participants were randomly designated to be assessed on high- and low-noise workdays for 8 h or low- and high-noise workdays, separated by a washout period of 14 days. Subsequently, pure tone audiometry, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function tests, serum cortisol tests, and polysomnography were conducted. RESULTS: For the 40 participants in the study, the 8-h time-weighted average of personal noise exposed on high- and low-noise workdays was 76.8 dBA (standard deviation, SD: 6.2) and 61.0 dBA (SD: 7.1), respectively. Participants with higher personal noise exposure during the day were found to have a lower percentage of slow wave sleep (percent change of mean value: -1.287%; 95% CI: -2.602%, -0.037%) and lower sleep efficiency (-0.267%; 95% CI: -0.525%, -0.008%). In addition, after work, personal noise exposure was revealed to be related to increased serum cortisol levels (1.698%; 95% CI: 0.887%, 2.528%), and sympathetic activity as measured by low frequency/high frequency (3.000%; 95% CI: 1.294%, 4.706%) and blood pressures by cold pressor test (systolic: 5.163%; 95% CI: 2.780%, 7.537%) (diastolic: 3.109%; 95% CI: 1.604%, 4.614%). CONCLUSIONS: Daytime occupational noise exposure had sustained effects on nighttime sleep quality, specifically on slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency. These disturbances could be partially explained by post-shift elevated cortisol and ANS activity. The psychosocial and metabolic consequences of poorer sleep quality induced by occupational noise exposure warrant further investigation.
BACKGROUND: Nighttime environmental noise affects sleep quality. However, the effects of daytime occupational noise remain unclear. METHODS: A quasi-experiment of 48 participants who had been employed for at least six months in two hospital cafeterias. The participants were randomly designated to be assessed on high- and low-noise workdays for 8 h or low- and high-noise workdays, separated by a washout period of 14 days. Subsequently, pure tone audiometry, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function tests, serum cortisol tests, and polysomnography were conducted. RESULTS: For the 40 participants in the study, the 8-h time-weighted average of personal noise exposed on high- and low-noise workdays was 76.8 dBA (standard deviation, SD: 6.2) and 61.0 dBA (SD: 7.1), respectively. Participants with higher personal noise exposure during the day were found to have a lower percentage of slow wave sleep (percent change of mean value: -1.287%; 95% CI: -2.602%, -0.037%) and lower sleep efficiency (-0.267%; 95% CI: -0.525%, -0.008%). In addition, after work, personal noise exposure was revealed to be related to increased serum cortisol levels (1.698%; 95% CI: 0.887%, 2.528%), and sympathetic activity as measured by low frequency/high frequency (3.000%; 95% CI: 1.294%, 4.706%) and blood pressures by cold pressor test (systolic: 5.163%; 95% CI: 2.780%, 7.537%) (diastolic: 3.109%; 95% CI: 1.604%, 4.614%). CONCLUSIONS: Daytime occupational noise exposure had sustained effects on nighttime sleep quality, specifically on slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency. These disturbances could be partially explained by post-shift elevated cortisol and ANS activity. The psychosocial and metabolic consequences of poorer sleep quality induced by occupational noise exposure warrant further investigation.
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