Fleas and Ticks of Red Foxes as Vectors of Canine Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens, in Slovakia, Central Europe.

The present survey aimed to investigate flea and tick fauna parasitizing Slovak red fox populations with special emphasis on canine pathogens they transmit. A total of 407 fleas and 105 ticks were collected from 90 red foxes from two geographically distant regions. Seven flea species (Chaetopsylla globiceps, Pulex irritans, Archaeopsylla erinacei, Chaetopsylla rothschildi, Chaetopsylla trichosa, Ctenocephalides canis, and Ctenopthalmus assimilis) and three species of hard ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Haemaphysalis concinna) were recorded on sampled animals. Consequently, the DNA of five different pathogen taxa was confirmed in collected arthropod vectors: Bartonella spp. (in P. irritans, Ch. globiceps, and Ct. assimilis), Rickettsia spp. (in A. erinacei, I. ricinus, I. hexagonus, and H. concinna), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (in I. ricinus), Theileria sp. (in Ch. globiceps and H. concinna), and Hepatozoon canis (in I. ricinus and I. hexagonus). Mycoplasma spp., Dipylidium caninum, and Acanthocheilonema reconditum were not found in fleas or ticks in this study.