Roles of microRNA in prostate cancer cell metabolism.

MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA which functions as regulators of genes expression. MicroRNAs have shown their biological functions in cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell metabolism, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells have the ability to grow in the absence of growth factors by increased metabolic activity. MicroRNAs regulate cell metabolic processes by targeting the key enzymes or transporters and change the metabolic activities by interfering with oncogenes/tumor suppressors, hypoxia, signalling pathways and cell adhesion. This review mainly explains the roles of microRNAs in prostate cancer cell metabolism, such as glucose uptake, glycolysis and lactate secretion, lipid metabolism and interaction with signalling pathways. The relation of microRNAs with hypoxia and cell adhesion in cell metabolism is also highlighted. Therefore, miRNAs help in regulating the metabolism of survived tumor cells, understanding such miRNA-mediated interaction could lead to new avenues in therapeutic application to treat PCa.