Tanja Matarma1,2, Hanna Lagström3, Saija Hurme4, Tuija H Tammelin5, Janne Kulmala5, Lisa M Barnett6, Pasi Koski2. 1. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2. Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland. 3. Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 5. LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland. 6. Faculty of Health, Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study examined how motor skills are associated with physical activity (PA), sedentary time, body fat, and day care attendance among young children. Also, the motor skills of healthy weight children were compared to those who were overweight or obese. METHODS: The study population consisted of five to six years old children (n = 111; 45 boys) who participated in the longitudinal STEPS Study carried out in Southwest Finland in 2013-2014. Motor skills were measured with the Bruininks-Oseretsky test, second edition (BOT-2) including fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, and strength and agility. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary time were objectively measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on measured weight and height. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using segmental multifrequency bio impedance analysis. Day care attendance was measured with parental questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and parental education. RESULTS: Day care attendance was positively associated with body coordination and strength and agility. Lower BF% in girls was associated with higher strength and agility scores. There were no associations between manual coordination or fine manual control and the explanatory variables. Objectively measured MVPA and sedentary time showed no associations with motor skills. Overweight children had significantly lower scores in all motor skill composites (P < 0.05) than healthy weight children, except in fine manual control where the association was non-significant (P = 0.202). CONCLUSIONS: Early prevention of overweight and obesity may be of importance and day care attendance may be beneficial for motor skill development.
PURPOSE: This study examined how motor skills are associated with physical activity (PA), sedentary time, body fat, and day care attendance among young children. Also, the motor skills of healthy weight children were compared to those who were overweight or obese. METHODS: The study population consisted of five to six years old children (n = 111; 45 boys) who participated in the longitudinal STEPS Study carried out in Southwest Finland in 2013-2014. Motor skills were measured with the Bruininks-Oseretsky test, second edition (BOT-2) including fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, and strength and agility. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary time were objectively measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on measured weight and height. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using segmental multifrequency bio impedance analysis. Day care attendance was measured with parental questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and parental education. RESULTS: Day care attendance was positively associated with body coordination and strength and agility. Lower BF% in girls was associated with higher strength and agility scores. There were no associations between manual coordination or fine manual control and the explanatory variables. Objectively measured MVPA and sedentary time showed no associations with motor skills. Overweight children had significantly lower scores in all motor skill composites (P < 0.05) than healthy weight children, except in fine manual control where the association was non-significant (P = 0.202). CONCLUSIONS: Early prevention of overweight and obesity may be of importance and day care attendance may be beneficial for motor skill development.
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