Literature DB >> 30002881

Racemic mefloquinium chloro-difluoro-acetate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

James L Wardell1, Solange M S V Wardell2, Mukesh M Jotani3, Edward R T Tiekink4.   

Abstract

In the racemic title mol-ecular salt, C17H17F6N2O+·C2ClF2O3- (systematic name: 2-{[2,8-bis-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)quinolin-4-yl](hy-droxy)meth-yl}piperidin-1-ium chloro-difluoro-acetate), the cation, which is protonated at the piperidine N atom, has the shape of the letter, L, with the piperidin-1-ium group being approximately orthogonal to the quinolinyl residue [the Cq-Cm-Cm-Na (q = quinolinyl; m = methine; a = ammonium) torsion angle is 177.79 (18)°]. An intra-molecular, charge-assisted ammonium-N-H⋯O(hydrox-yl) hydrogen bond ensures the hy-droxy-O and ammonium-N atoms lie to the same side of the mol-ecule [Oh-Cm-Cm-Na (h = hydrox-yl) = -59.7 (2)°]. In the crystal, charge-assisted hydroxyl-O-H⋯O-(carboxyl-ate) and ammonium-N+-H⋯O-(carboxyl-ate) hydrogen bonds generate a supra-molecular chain along [010]; the chain is consolidated by C-H⋯O inter-actions. Links between chains to form supra-molecular layers are of the type C-Cl⋯π(quinolinyl-C6) and the layers thus formed stack along the a-axis direction without directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the dominance of F⋯H contacts to the surface (40.8%) with significant contributions from F⋯F (10.5%) and C⋯F (7.0%) contacts.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Hirshfeld surface analysis; Mefloquine; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; salt

Year:  2018        PMID: 30002881      PMCID: PMC6038619          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007703

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Practical inter­est in compounds related to the title salt relates to the biological activity of Mefloquine ([2,8-bis­(tri­fluoro­meth­yl)quinolin-4-yl]-piperidin-2-yl­methanol). This arises when the racemic compound is reacted with HCl: the resulting salt, [(R*,S*)-(2-{[2,8-bis­(tri­fluoro­meth­yl)quinolin-4-yl](hy­droxy­meth­yl)piperidin-1-ium chloride is an anti-malarial drug, being effective against the causative agent, Plasmodium falciparum (Maguire et al., 2006 ▸). Subsequently, diverse pharmaceutical potential has been disclosed, namely, as anti-bacterial (Mao et al., 2007 ▸), anti-mycobacterial (Gonçalves et al., 2012 ▸) and as anti-cancer agents (Rodrigues et al., 2014 ▸). With the preceding facts in mind, it is not surprising that crystallography has played a key role in establishing the mol­ecular structures of this class of compound. Of particular crystallographic inter­est has been the characterization of a pair of kryptoracemates of mefloquinium salts in recent years (Jotani et al., 2016 ▸; Wardell, Wardell et al., 2016 ▸). The phenomenon of kryptoracemic behaviour has been reviewed in the last decade for both organic and coordination compounds (Fábián & Brock, 2010 ▸; Bernal & Watkins, 2015 ▸). Briefly, for a material to be classified as kryptoracemic, it must satisfy the following crystallographic criteria: the space group must be one of the 65 Sohncke space groups, i.e. lacking an inversion centre, rotatory inversion axis, glide plane or a mirror plane, and Z′ would usually be greater than 1 (unless the mol­ecule lies on a rotation axis). In a continuation of structural studies of Mefloquine derivatives (Wardell et al., 2011 ▸; Wardell, Jotani et al., 2016 ▸), herein the crystal and mol­ecular structures of the title salt, (I), isolated from the 1:1 crystallization of racemic Mefloquine and chloro­difluoro­acetic acid are described along with an analysis of its calculated Hirshfeld surface.

Structural commentary

The ions comprising the asymmetric unit of (I) are shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The illustrated cation has two chiral centres, namely R at C12 and S at C13, i.e. it is the [(+)-erythro-mefloquinium] isomer. However, it should be noted that the centrosymmetric unit cell has equal numbers of the other S-,R- enanti­omer, indicating that no resolution occurred during the crystallization experiment as has been observed in some of the earlier studies (see Chemical context). The pattern of hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the ammonium-N—H H atoms (see Supra­molecular features) provides confirmation of protonation at the N2 atom during crystallization and, therefore, the formation of a piperidin-1-ium cation. At the same time, delocalization of the π-electron density over the carboxyl­ate residue is confirmed by the equivalence of the C18—O2, O3 bond lengths, i.e. 2 × 1.238 (3) Å.
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structures of the ions comprising the asymmetric unit of (I) showing the atom-labelling scheme and displacement ellipsoids at the 70% probability level. The dashed line signifies the N—H⋯O hydrogen bond.

The quinolinyl residue is not strictly planar with the r.m.s. deviation for the ten fitted non-H atoms being 0.0399 Å. This is also reflected in the dihedral angle formed between the (N1,C1–C4,C9) and (C4–C9) rings of 3.95 (15) Å. This aspect of the structure notwithstanding, the hydroxyl-O and ammonium-N atoms lie to opposite sides of the plane through the quinolinyl residue. This is seen in the value of the C2—C3—C12—O1 torsion angle of −20.3 (3)° cf. with that of 177.79 (18)° for C3—C12—C13—N2. The latter angle indicates the piperidin-1-ium residue is almost perpendicular to the quinolinyl residue with the methyl­ene-C17 group orientated towards the fused-ring system as seen in the gauche C3—C12—C13—C17 torsion angle of −60.7 (3)°. The observed conformation, whereby the hy­droxy-O and ammonium-N atoms lie to the same side of the mol­ecule [the O1—C12—C13—N2 torsion angle is −59.7 (2)°], is stabilized by an intra­molecular, charge-assisted ammonium-N2+—H⋯O1(hydrox­yl) hydrogen bond, Table 1 ▸. In general terms, the shape of the cation is based on the letter, L.
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg1 is the centroid of the (C4–C9) ring.

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N2—H2N⋯O10.89 (2)2.34 (2)2.722 (3)106 (2)
O1—H1O⋯O3i 0.84 (2)1.83 (2)2.668 (3)178 (3)
N2—H1N⋯O20.89 (2)1.92 (2)2.808 (3)177 (2)
N2—H2N⋯O2ii 0.89 (2)2.05 (2)2.776 (3)138 (2)
C5—H5⋯O30.952.453.367 (3)162
C14—H14B⋯O1iii 0.992.393.362 (3)166
C19—Cl1⋯Cg1iv 1.74 (1)3.91 (1)4.208 (3)88 (1)
C10—F3⋯Cg1i 1.33 (1)3.09 (1)3.762 (3)110 (1)

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

The anion in (I) adopts a conformation where the Cl1 atom lies to one side of the O2C2 plane [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0089 Å], with the O2—C18—C19—Cl1 torsion angle being −93.3 (2)°, and the F7 and F8 atoms lying to the other side, the O2—C18—C19—F7, F8 torsion angles = 28.8 (3) and 146.3 (2)°, respectively. The conformation of the CClF2 residue in (I) has been observed in the structure of the acid (Schilling & Mootz, 1995 ▸), the acid monohydrate and tetra­hydrate (Dahlems et al., 1996 ▸) and in salts, e.g. with mono-protonated 1,4-di­aza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane (dabco), i.e. 4-aza-1-azoniabi­cyclo­[2.2.2]octane, for which three independent ion pairs comprise the asymmetric unit (Shi et al., 2013 ▸).

Supra­molecular features

The presence of charge-assisted hydroxyl-O—H⋯O−(carb­oxyl­ate) and ammonium-N+—H⋯O−(carboxyl­ate) hydrogen bonding features prominently in the mol­ecular packing of (I) and leads to a supra­molecular chain propagating along the b-axis direction, Fig. 1 ▸ a and Table 1 ▸. The ammonium-N+—H⋯O−(carboxyl­ate) hydrogen bonds link two cations and two anions about a centre of inversion to form eight-membered {⋯HNH⋯O}2 synthons, Fig. 2 ▸ b. These are linked into a supra­molecular chain via hydroxyl-O—H⋯O−(carboxyl­ate) hydrogen bonding, which leads to 18-membered {⋯OCO⋯HNC2OH}2 synthons, Fig. 2 ▸ b. In this scheme, the carboxyl­ate-O2 atom forms two hydrogen bonds. Additional stability to the supra­molecular chain is afforded by quinolinyl-C—H⋯O(carboxyl­ate) and methyl­ene-C—H⋯O(hydrox­yl) inter­actions, Table 1 ▸. The chains are connected into layers via C—Cl⋯π(C4–C9) inter­actions, Table 1 ▸. The layers stack along the a-axis direction without directional inter­actions between them, Fig. 2 ▸ c.
Figure 2

Mol­ecular packing in (I): (a) The supra­molecular chain along the b-axis direction, being sustained by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding with non-participating H atoms omitted, (b) a simplified view of the chain highlighting the formation of the eight- and 18-membered supra­molecular synthons and (c) a view of the unit-cell contents shown in projection down the b-axis direction. The O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and Cl⋯π inter­actions are shown as orange, blue and purple dashed lines, respectively.

Hirshfeld surface analysis

The Hirshfeld surface calculations for the title salt (I) were performed in accord with an earlier publication on a related salt (Jotani et al., 2016 ▸) and satisfactorily describe the additional influence of inter­atomic halogenhalogen, halogenhydrogen and halogen⋯π contacts upon the packing. In addition to bright-red spots on the Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over d norm in Fig. 3 ▸ a and b (labelled 1–3), corresponding to inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions, Table 1 ▸, the presence of tiny faint-red spots, having labels S1–S4 in Fig. 3 ▸ c and d, indicate the influence of short inter­atomic H⋯H, F⋯H/H⋯F and F⋯F contacts [Table 2 ▸; calculated in CrystalExplorer3.1 (Wolff et al., 2012 ▸)]. On the Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over electrostatic potential in Fig. 4 ▸, the donors and acceptors of inter­molecular hydrogen bonds are illustrated through the appearance of blue and red regions corresponding to positive and negative electrostatic potential, respectively. The presence of inter­molecular side-on C—halogen⋯π inter­actions namely C19—Cl1⋯π(C4–C9) and C10—F3⋯π(C4–C9), Table 1 ▸, are evident from the Hirshfeld surfaces mapped with shape-index property illustrated in Fig. 5 ▸.
Figure 3

Views of the Hirshfeld surface of (I) mapped over d norm in the range −0.077 to +1.575 au, highlighting: (a) and (b) inter­molecular hydrogen bonds (with labels 1–3) by black-dashed lines, and (c) and (d) short inter­atomic H⋯H, F⋯H and F⋯F contacts (with labels S1–S4) by sky-blue, red and black dashed lines, respectively.

Table 2

Summary of short inter­atomic contacts (Å) in (I)

ContactDistanceSymmetry operation
H7⋯H15B 2.08 x,  − y, − + z
F1⋯H16B 2.562 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
F6⋯H15B 2.58 x,  − y, − + z
F4⋯F52.903 (2)2 − x,  + y, 1 − z
Figure 4

Two views of the Hirshfeld surface of (I) mapped over the electrostatic potential in the range −0.133 to + 0.219 au. The red and blue regions represent negative and positive electrostatic potentials, respectively.

Figure 5

Two views of Hirshfeld surface of (I) mapped over the shape-index property highlighting (a) C—Cl⋯π and (b) C—F⋯π contacts by yellow and black dotted lines, respectively

The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot and those delineated (McKinnon et al., 2007 ▸) into H⋯H, O⋯H/H⋯O, F⋯H/H⋯F, F⋯F, C⋯F/F⋯C, Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl and C⋯Cl/Cl⋯C contacts are illustrated in Fig. 6 ▸; the percentage contributions from the different inter­atomic contacts to the Hirshfeld surface are summarized in Table 3 ▸. The formation of a salt between the piperidinium cation and carboxyl­ate anion through the charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and the presence of a number of H⋯Cl, F and O contacts result in the relatively small, i.e. 11.9%, contribution from H⋯H contacts to the Hirshfeld surface. Conversely, the relative high number of fluorine atoms lying on the surfaces of both the cation and anion, largely participating in F⋯H contacts, gives rise to their providing the greatest contribution, i.e. 40.8%, to the surface.
Figure 6

The full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for (I) and those delineated into H⋯H, O⋯H/H⋯O, F⋯H/H⋯F, F⋯F, C⋯F/F⋯C, Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl and C⋯Cl/Cl⋯C contacts.

Table 3

Percentage contributions of inter­atomic contacts to the Hirshfeld surface for (I)

 Percentage contribution
Contact(I)
H⋯H11.9
F⋯H/H⋯F40.8
O⋯H/H⋯O11.2
F⋯F10.5
C⋯F/F⋯C7.0
Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl4.6
C⋯H/H⋯C3.5
F⋯Cl/Cl⋯F3.1
C⋯Cl/Cl⋯C2.6
N⋯H/H⋯N2.2
C⋯C0.6
O⋯O0.3
N⋯F/F⋯N0.3
C⋯N/N⋯C0.2
C⋯O/O⋯C0.1
O⋯Cl/Cl⋯O0.1
In the fingerprint plot delineated into H⋯H contacts in Fig. 6 ▸, the short inter­atomic H⋯H contact involving quinoline-H7 and methyl­ene-H15B, both derived from the cation, Table 2 ▸, is viewed as pencil-like tip at d e + d i ∼2.0 Å. In the fingerprint plot delineated into O⋯H/H⋯O contacts, the spikes associated with the N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯O inter­actions are merged within the plot. The obvious feature in the plot is a pair of spikes with tips at d e + d i ∼1.8 Å, which correspond to the most dominant O—H⋯O hydrogen bond; this is also responsible for most of the points concentrated in the narrower region of spikes. The influence of short inter­atomic halogenhydrogen and halogenhalogen contacts in the crystal, Table 2 ▸, is observed as a pair of forceps-like tips at d e + d i ∼2.5 Å (F⋯H) and 3.0 Å (Cl⋯H), and an arrow-shaped tip at d e + d i ∼2.8 Å in the fingerprint plots delineated into F⋯H/H⋯F, Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl and F⋯F contacts, respectively. The involvement of chloride and fluoride atoms in C-halogen⋯π contacts, Table 1 ▸, results in the small but significant percentage contribution from C⋯F/F⋯C and C⋯Cl/Cl⋯C contacts to the Hirshfeld surface, Table 3 ▸. These inter­molecular contacts are also characterized as forceps-like and anchor-shaped distributions of points in the fingerprint plots delineated into the respective contacts, Fig. 6 ▸. The small percentage contribution from other remaining inter­atomic contacts summarized in Table 3 ▸ have negligible effect on the packing in the crystal.

Database survey

Kryptoracemic behaviour is rare and is found in only 0.1% of all organic structures (Fábián & Brock, 2010 ▸). This observation clearly implies that 99.9% of racemic compounds, mol­ecules with meso symmetry and achiral mol­ecules will crystallize about a centre of inversion. Given there are fewer than 30 structures containing Mefloquine/derivatives of Mefloquine included in the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom et al., 2016 ▸), the reporting of two kryptoracemates of mefloquinium cations in recent times (Jotani et al., 2016 ▸; Wardell, Wardell et al., 2016 ▸) suggests a higher than anti­cipated propensity for this phenomenon. The two examples were isolated from attempts at chiral resolution of Mefloquine with carb­oxy­lic acids. In the first of the two reported structures, the asymmetric unit comprised a pair of pseudo-enanti­omeric mefloquinium cations with the charge-balance provided by chloride and 4-fluoro­benzene­sulfonate anions (Jotani et al., 2016 ▸). In the second example, again two mefloquinium cations are pseudo-racemic, with the charge-balance provided by two independent 3,3,3-tri­fluoro-2-meth­oxy-2-phenyl­propano­ate anions, i.e. (+)-PhC(CF3)(OMe)CO2 − (Wardell, Wardell et al., 2016 ▸). The appearance of kryptoracemic salts of mefloquinium with non-chiral and chiral counter-ions warrants further investigation into this comparatively rare behaviour in order to reveal the reasons for such crystallization outcomes.

Synthesis and crystallization

A solution of mefloquinium chloride (1 mmol) and sodium di­fluoro­choro­acetate (1 mmol) in EtOH (10ml) was refluxed for 20 mins. The reaction mixture was left at room temperature and after two days, colourless crystals of the title salt, (I), were collected; M.p. 473–475 K.1H NMR (DMSO-d 6) δ: 1.20–1.35 (2H, m), 1.55–1.75 (4H, m), 3.04 (1H, br t), 3.53 (1H, br d), 5.90 (1H, s), 6.94 (1H, br d), 8.01 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.13 (1H, s), 8.42 (1H, d, J = 8.02 Hz), 8.72 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 9.48 (1H, br s); N—H H not observed. 13C NMR (DMSO-d 6) δ: 21.43 (2×), 21.59, 44.51, 58.90, 67.85, 1135.50. 121.17 (J C,F = 273.8 Hz), 121.21 (J C,F = 311.0 Hz), 123.64 (J C,F = 271.7.8 Hz), 126.37, 127.93 (J C,F = 29.2 Hz), 128.32, 128.68. 129.9 (J C,F = 5.2 Hz), 142.78, 146.73 (J C,F = 34.5 Hz), 150.97, 159.82 (J C,F = 25.2 Hz). 19F NMR (DMSO-d 6) δ: −58.65, −58.84, −66.68. IR (cm−1) 3300–2400 (s,v br), 1662 (s).

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 4 ▸. The carbon-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions (C—H = 0.95–1.00 Å) and were included in the refinement in the riding-model approximation, with U iso(H) set to 1.2U eq(C). The O- and N-bound H atoms were refined with the distance restraints O—H = 0.84±0.01 and 0.88±0.01 Å, respectively, and with U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(O) and 1.2U eq(N), respectively.
Table 4

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC17H17F6N2O+·C2ClF2O2
M r 508.79
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)120
a, b, c (Å)14.4535 (4), 6.3387 (2), 23.9040 (8)
β (°)104.214 (2)
V3)2122.95 (12)
Z 4
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.27
Crystal size (mm)0.62 × 0.20 × 0.06
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker–Nonius Roper CCD camera on κ-goniostat
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2007)
T min, T max 0.623, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections19411, 4799, 3311
R int 0.054
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.649
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.052, 0.142, 1.04
No. of reflections4799
No. of parameters307
No. of restraints3
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.94, −0.83

Computer programs: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ▸), COLLECT (Hooft, 1998 ▸), SHELXS (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2014/7 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2006 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I, global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007703/hb7752sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007703/hb7752Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018007703/hb7752Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 1844854 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C17H17F6N2O+·C2ClF2O2F(000) = 1032
Mr = 508.79Dx = 1.592 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 14.4535 (4) ÅCell parameters from 17332 reflections
b = 6.3387 (2) Åθ = 2.9–27.5°
c = 23.9040 (8) ŵ = 0.27 mm1
β = 104.214 (2)°T = 120 K
V = 2122.95 (12) Å3Lath, colourless
Z = 40.62 × 0.20 × 0.06 mm
Bruker–Nonius Roper CCD camera on κ-goniostat diffractometer4799 independent reflections
Radiation source: Bruker–Nonius FR591 rotating anode3311 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.054
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.0°
φ & ω scansh = −18→18
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2007)k = −8→8
Tmin = 0.623, Tmax = 0.746l = −31→30
19411 measured reflections
Refinement on F23 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.142w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0643P)2 + 1.2072P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.04(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
4799 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.94 e Å3
307 parametersΔρmin = −0.83 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
F11.03148 (10)−0.0703 (2)0.44433 (7)0.0399 (4)
F20.91566 (11)−0.2736 (2)0.44998 (7)0.0359 (4)
F30.96175 (11)−0.2572 (2)0.37136 (6)0.0366 (4)
F40.98916 (10)0.2960 (2)0.26696 (6)0.0349 (4)
F50.86497 (10)0.1175 (2)0.22440 (6)0.0336 (4)
F60.89009 (11)0.4242 (2)0.19252 (6)0.0375 (4)
O10.66219 (12)0.1694 (3)0.47757 (7)0.0279 (4)
H1O0.6352 (19)0.078 (4)0.4540 (10)0.042*
N10.88608 (13)0.1322 (3)0.34721 (8)0.0216 (4)
N20.64265 (14)0.5664 (3)0.51657 (8)0.0218 (4)
H1N0.5904 (12)0.601 (4)0.4899 (8)0.026*
H2N0.6290 (17)0.450 (3)0.5335 (10)0.026*
C10.87768 (16)0.0391 (3)0.39479 (9)0.0208 (5)
C20.81459 (16)0.1003 (4)0.42804 (10)0.0229 (5)
H20.81070.02190.46130.027*
C30.75848 (16)0.2756 (4)0.41176 (9)0.0208 (5)
C40.76778 (16)0.3898 (4)0.36220 (9)0.0210 (5)
C50.71864 (16)0.5805 (4)0.34349 (10)0.0234 (5)
H50.67600.63710.36420.028*
C60.73220 (17)0.6835 (4)0.29583 (10)0.0264 (5)
H60.70070.81400.28460.032*
C70.79223 (18)0.5987 (4)0.26324 (10)0.0272 (5)
H70.80030.67180.23010.033*
C80.83903 (16)0.4123 (4)0.27881 (10)0.0228 (5)
C90.83122 (15)0.3071 (4)0.33029 (9)0.0197 (5)
C100.94619 (17)−0.1411 (4)0.41442 (10)0.0253 (5)
C110.89662 (18)0.3125 (4)0.24146 (10)0.0275 (5)
C120.68616 (16)0.3397 (4)0.44507 (10)0.0222 (5)
H120.62690.38990.41710.027*
C130.72279 (15)0.5153 (4)0.48924 (9)0.0210 (5)
H130.73670.64300.46810.025*
C140.66441 (19)0.7397 (4)0.56031 (10)0.0296 (6)
H14A0.61000.75820.57820.036*
H14B0.67380.87370.54120.036*
C150.75362 (19)0.6874 (4)0.60653 (10)0.0323 (6)
H15A0.74090.56450.62910.039*
H15B0.77050.80860.63320.039*
C160.83715 (19)0.6373 (4)0.58047 (11)0.0322 (6)
H16A0.89290.59400.61150.039*
H16B0.85500.76540.56190.039*
C170.81136 (17)0.4608 (4)0.53591 (10)0.0266 (5)
H17A0.86540.43640.51810.032*
H17B0.80010.32880.55540.032*
C180.49744 (17)0.7909 (4)0.39729 (10)0.0227 (5)
C190.41892 (18)0.8393 (4)0.34241 (11)0.0322 (6)
Cl10.43173 (7)0.68095 (18)0.28514 (4)0.0736 (3)
F70.33144 (11)0.8114 (3)0.35113 (8)0.0503 (5)
F80.42202 (13)1.0418 (3)0.32666 (8)0.0548 (5)
O20.47705 (12)0.6592 (3)0.43060 (7)0.0345 (4)
O30.57421 (12)0.8831 (3)0.40098 (7)0.0337 (4)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
F10.0265 (8)0.0331 (9)0.0508 (10)−0.0024 (7)−0.0085 (7)0.0049 (7)
F20.0410 (9)0.0275 (8)0.0417 (9)0.0037 (7)0.0150 (7)0.0167 (7)
F30.0443 (9)0.0331 (8)0.0319 (8)0.0130 (7)0.0087 (7)−0.0002 (7)
F40.0263 (8)0.0453 (9)0.0343 (8)0.0014 (7)0.0098 (6)0.0052 (7)
F50.0402 (9)0.0323 (8)0.0296 (8)0.0005 (7)0.0111 (7)−0.0070 (6)
F60.0478 (9)0.0450 (9)0.0241 (7)0.0091 (8)0.0172 (7)0.0081 (7)
O10.0352 (10)0.0257 (9)0.0256 (9)−0.0125 (8)0.0129 (8)−0.0029 (7)
N10.0215 (10)0.0203 (10)0.0209 (10)−0.0036 (8)0.0011 (8)−0.0009 (8)
N20.0257 (11)0.0225 (11)0.0166 (9)−0.0019 (9)0.0039 (8)0.0009 (8)
C10.0228 (11)0.0176 (11)0.0202 (11)−0.0037 (10)0.0016 (9)0.0002 (9)
C20.0258 (12)0.0234 (12)0.0186 (11)−0.0041 (10)0.0040 (9)0.0027 (10)
C30.0219 (12)0.0217 (12)0.0180 (11)−0.0059 (10)0.0035 (9)−0.0026 (9)
C40.0209 (11)0.0235 (12)0.0171 (10)−0.0023 (10)0.0021 (9)−0.0006 (9)
C50.0256 (12)0.0230 (12)0.0210 (11)0.0011 (10)0.0044 (9)−0.0027 (10)
C60.0320 (13)0.0250 (13)0.0203 (11)0.0041 (11)0.0026 (10)0.0009 (10)
C70.0347 (14)0.0290 (13)0.0169 (11)0.0007 (11)0.0047 (10)0.0043 (10)
C80.0232 (12)0.0243 (12)0.0201 (11)−0.0033 (10)0.0037 (9)−0.0027 (10)
C90.0181 (11)0.0206 (12)0.0185 (10)−0.0038 (9)0.0007 (9)0.0003 (9)
C100.0239 (12)0.0245 (12)0.0257 (12)−0.0036 (10)0.0024 (10)0.0023 (10)
C110.0304 (14)0.0294 (13)0.0236 (12)0.0004 (11)0.0080 (10)0.0044 (11)
C120.0246 (12)0.0229 (12)0.0202 (11)−0.0040 (10)0.0072 (9)0.0000 (9)
C130.0222 (11)0.0227 (12)0.0187 (11)−0.0025 (10)0.0062 (9)0.0001 (9)
C140.0440 (15)0.0227 (13)0.0233 (12)−0.0020 (11)0.0108 (11)−0.0034 (10)
C150.0474 (16)0.0285 (13)0.0187 (12)−0.0084 (12)0.0036 (11)−0.0049 (10)
C160.0377 (14)0.0314 (14)0.0229 (12)−0.0103 (12)−0.0011 (11)0.0012 (11)
C170.0281 (13)0.0261 (13)0.0228 (12)−0.0036 (11)0.0012 (10)0.0020 (10)
C180.0257 (12)0.0232 (12)0.0210 (11)0.0006 (10)0.0089 (10)−0.0049 (10)
C190.0324 (14)0.0314 (15)0.0304 (13)0.0004 (12)0.0034 (11)0.0044 (11)
Cl10.0796 (6)0.0932 (8)0.0373 (5)0.0119 (6)−0.0064 (4)−0.0325 (5)
F70.0260 (8)0.0627 (12)0.0579 (11)0.0023 (8)0.0018 (7)0.0159 (9)
F80.0594 (11)0.0444 (11)0.0564 (11)0.0056 (9)0.0060 (9)0.0235 (9)
O20.0284 (9)0.0451 (11)0.0310 (10)0.0012 (9)0.0093 (8)0.0134 (9)
O30.0320 (10)0.0380 (10)0.0316 (10)−0.0117 (9)0.0085 (8)−0.0078 (8)
F1—C101.342 (3)C7—C81.367 (3)
F2—C101.344 (3)C7—H70.9500
F3—C101.329 (3)C8—C91.428 (3)
F4—C111.331 (3)C8—C111.502 (3)
F5—C111.346 (3)C12—C131.536 (3)
F6—C111.350 (3)C12—H121.0000
O1—C121.422 (3)C13—C171.517 (3)
O1—H1O0.835 (10)C13—H131.0000
N1—C11.313 (3)C14—C151.514 (4)
N1—C91.365 (3)C14—H14A0.9900
N2—C141.496 (3)C14—H14B0.9900
N2—C131.498 (3)C15—C161.522 (4)
N2—H1N0.888 (10)C15—H15A0.9900
N2—H2N0.886 (10)C15—H15B0.9900
C1—C21.403 (3)C16—C171.527 (3)
C1—C101.509 (3)C16—H16A0.9900
C2—C31.374 (3)C16—H16B0.9900
C2—H20.9500C17—H17A0.9900
C3—C41.423 (3)C17—H17B0.9900
C3—C121.517 (3)C18—O21.238 (3)
C4—C51.418 (3)C18—O31.238 (3)
C4—C91.429 (3)C18—C191.540 (3)
C5—C61.368 (3)C19—F81.341 (3)
C5—H50.9500C19—F71.343 (3)
C6—C71.407 (3)C19—Cl11.744 (3)
C6—H60.9500
C12—O1—H1O107 (2)F6—C11—C8111.3 (2)
C1—N1—C9116.79 (19)O1—C12—C3112.03 (19)
C14—N2—C13114.28 (19)O1—C12—C13105.27 (17)
C14—N2—H1N108.3 (17)C3—C12—C13112.92 (18)
C13—N2—H1N110.7 (17)O1—C12—H12108.8
C14—N2—H2N108.9 (17)C3—C12—H12108.8
C13—N2—H2N107.6 (16)C13—C12—H12108.8
H1N—N2—H2N107 (2)N2—C13—C17109.37 (18)
N1—C1—C2125.3 (2)N2—C13—C12106.47 (17)
N1—C1—C10114.6 (2)C17—C13—C12115.3 (2)
C2—C1—C10120.1 (2)N2—C13—H13108.5
C3—C2—C1118.9 (2)C17—C13—H13108.5
C3—C2—H2120.5C12—C13—H13108.5
C1—C2—H2120.5N2—C14—C15110.1 (2)
C2—C3—C4118.5 (2)N2—C14—H14A109.6
C2—C3—C12120.2 (2)C15—C14—H14A109.6
C4—C3—C12121.3 (2)N2—C14—H14B109.6
C5—C4—C3123.7 (2)C15—C14—H14B109.6
C5—C4—C9118.8 (2)H14A—C14—H14B108.1
C3—C4—C9117.5 (2)C14—C15—C16111.5 (2)
C6—C5—C4120.4 (2)C14—C15—H15A109.3
C6—C5—H5119.8C16—C15—H15A109.3
C4—C5—H5119.8C14—C15—H15B109.3
C5—C6—C7120.8 (2)C16—C15—H15B109.3
C5—C6—H6119.6H15A—C15—H15B108.0
C7—C6—H6119.6C15—C16—C17110.9 (2)
C8—C7—C6120.7 (2)C15—C16—H16A109.5
C8—C7—H7119.6C17—C16—H16A109.5
C6—C7—H7119.6C15—C16—H16B109.5
C7—C8—C9120.0 (2)C17—C16—H16B109.5
C7—C8—C11120.8 (2)H16A—C16—H16B108.1
C9—C8—C11119.2 (2)C13—C17—C16111.3 (2)
N1—C9—C4122.8 (2)C13—C17—H17A109.4
N1—C9—C8118.1 (2)C16—C17—H17A109.4
C4—C9—C8119.0 (2)C13—C17—H17B109.4
F3—C10—F1106.86 (19)C16—C17—H17B109.4
F3—C10—F2106.77 (19)H17A—C17—H17B108.0
F1—C10—F2105.88 (19)O2—C18—O3128.6 (2)
F3—C10—C1113.66 (19)O2—C18—C19116.1 (2)
F1—C10—C1111.04 (19)O3—C18—C19115.3 (2)
F2—C10—C1112.17 (19)F8—C19—F7105.5 (2)
F4—C11—F5107.2 (2)F8—C19—C18111.2 (2)
F4—C11—F6106.65 (19)F7—C19—C18111.5 (2)
F5—C11—F6105.81 (19)F8—C19—Cl1108.24 (18)
F4—C11—C8113.7 (2)F7—C19—Cl1109.36 (19)
F5—C11—C8111.7 (2)C18—C19—Cl1110.85 (18)
C9—N1—C1—C22.6 (3)N1—C1—C10—F2−158.96 (19)
C9—N1—C1—C10−174.73 (19)C2—C1—C10—F223.6 (3)
N1—C1—C2—C3−2.4 (3)C7—C8—C11—F4117.4 (2)
C10—C1—C2—C3174.7 (2)C9—C8—C11—F4−64.5 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C4−0.9 (3)C7—C8—C11—F5−121.2 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C12177.0 (2)C9—C8—C11—F557.0 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C5−175.6 (2)C7—C8—C11—F6−3.1 (3)
C12—C3—C4—C56.5 (3)C9—C8—C11—F6175.05 (19)
C2—C3—C4—C93.7 (3)C2—C3—C12—O1−20.3 (3)
C12—C3—C4—C9−174.2 (2)C4—C3—C12—O1157.6 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C6179.0 (2)C2—C3—C12—C1398.3 (2)
C9—C4—C5—C6−0.3 (3)C4—C3—C12—C13−83.8 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C72.4 (4)C14—N2—C13—C1756.2 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C8−0.6 (4)C14—N2—C13—C12−178.61 (18)
C6—C7—C8—C9−3.3 (4)O1—C12—C13—N2−59.7 (2)
C6—C7—C8—C11174.9 (2)C3—C12—C13—N2177.79 (18)
C1—N1—C9—C40.6 (3)O1—C12—C13—C1761.8 (2)
C1—N1—C9—C8179.8 (2)C3—C12—C13—C17−60.7 (3)
C5—C4—C9—N1175.6 (2)C13—N2—C14—C15−55.7 (3)
C3—C4—C9—N1−3.7 (3)N2—C14—C15—C1654.0 (3)
C5—C4—C9—C8−3.5 (3)C14—C15—C16—C17−55.1 (3)
C3—C4—C9—C8177.2 (2)N2—C13—C17—C16−55.3 (3)
C7—C8—C9—N1−173.9 (2)C12—C13—C17—C16−175.15 (19)
C11—C8—C9—N17.9 (3)C15—C16—C17—C1356.0 (3)
C7—C8—C9—C45.3 (3)O2—C18—C19—F8146.3 (2)
C11—C8—C9—C4−172.9 (2)O3—C18—C19—F8−36.6 (3)
N1—C1—C10—F3−37.7 (3)O2—C18—C19—F728.8 (3)
C2—C1—C10—F3144.8 (2)O3—C18—C19—F7−154.0 (2)
N1—C1—C10—F182.8 (2)O2—C18—C19—Cl1−93.3 (2)
C2—C1—C10—F1−94.7 (3)O3—C18—C19—Cl183.9 (2)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N2—H2N···O10.89 (2)2.34 (2)2.722 (3)106 (2)
O1—H1O···O3i0.84 (2)1.83 (2)2.668 (3)178 (3)
N2—H1N···O20.89 (2)1.92 (2)2.808 (3)177 (2)
N2—H2N···O2ii0.89 (2)2.05 (2)2.776 (3)138 (2)
C5—H5···O30.952.453.367 (3)162
C14—H14B···O1iii0.992.393.362 (3)166
C19—Cl1···Cg1iv1.74 (1)3.91 (1)4.208 (3)88 (1)
C10—F3···Cg1i1.33 (1)3.09 (1)3.762 (3)110 (1)
  10 in total

1.  Mefloquine-oxazolidine derivatives, derived from mefloquine and arenecarbaldehydes: In vitro activity including against the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strain T113.

Authors:  Raoni S B Gonçalves; Carlos R Kaiser; Maria C S Lourenço; Flavio A F M Bezerra; Marcus V N de Souza; James L Wardell; Solange M S V Wardell; Maria das Graças M de O Henriques; Thadeu Costa
Journal:  Bioorg Med Chem       Date:  2011-11-12       Impact factor: 3.641

2.  Towards quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions with Hirshfeld surfaces.

Authors:  Joshua J McKinnon; Dylan Jayatilaka; Mark A Spackman
Journal:  Chem Commun (Camb)       Date:  2007-10-07       Impact factor: 6.222

3.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

4.  A list of organometallic kryptoracemates.

Authors:  Ivan Bernal; Steven Watkins
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-02-20       Impact factor: 1.172

5.  Mefloquine is highly efficacious against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Papua, Indonesia.

Authors:  Jason D Maguire; Hariyani Marwoto; Thomas L Richie; David J Fryauff; J Kevin Baird
Journal:  Clin Infect Dis       Date:  2006-03-13       Impact factor: 9.079

6.  Mefloquine-oxazolidine derivatives: a new class of anticancer agents.

Authors:  Felipe A R Rodrigues; Igor da S Bomfim; Bruno C Cavalcanti; Claudia Pessoa; Raoni S B Goncalves; James L Wardell; Solange M S V Wardell; Marcus V N de Souza
Journal:  Chem Biol Drug Des       Date:  2013-10-05       Impact factor: 2.817

7.  Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of mefloquine-based ligands as novel antituberculosis agents.

Authors:  Jialin Mao; Yuehong Wang; Baojie Wan; Alan P Kozikowski; Scott G Franzblau
Journal:  ChemMedChem       Date:  2007-11       Impact factor: 3.466

8.  A list of organic kryptoracemates.

Authors:  László Fábián; Carolyn Pratt Brock
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B       Date:  2010-01-22

9.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

10.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
  10 in total

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