Epidemiological transition in Morocco (1960-2015).

Morocco is undergoing the third phase of its epidemiological transition. Mortality indicators have declined significantly. Life expectancy at birth has increased by 23 years over this 55-year study period. The total fertility rate has dropped from 7.06 in 1960 to 2.89 in 2015. The country is going through the epidemiological transition characterized by a shift in the overall burden of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases to noncommunicable diseases and injuries. Chronic diseases now account for 75 % of all deaths. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer are among the leading causes of death (57 %). Accidents and injuries account for 7 % of deaths. The emerging diseases are largely related to changes in lifestyles, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, and the harmful use of alcohol. This epidemiological transition, with its enormous health and economic consequences, presents many new challenges for the national health system, including in the organization of care pathways for diabetes and hypertension, the fight against overweight and obesity, and the therapeutic education of patients, health education in schools, and public awareness programs.