Neurochemical studies on imprinting behavior in chick and duckling.

The effect of lesions in the parts of medial hyperstriatum ventrale (MHV) or lateral neostriatum (LN) on imprinting behavior was examined. Bilateral lesions in MHV severely impaired imprinting behavior in ducklings, but lesions in LN did not impair such behavior. On the other hand, the birds lesioned in MHV still had brightness discriminative learning ability with perfect performance of visuomotor coordination. The neurotransmitter candidates controlling imprinting behavior in MHV were investigated using blockers of neurotransmission. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and haloperidole injected into MHV did not have specific effect on imprinting behavior although catecholamine contents in MHV was clearly decreased and locomotor activity was strongly suppressed. Atropine injection into MHV caused significant impairment of following behaviour, but locomotor activity was not affected. The injection of atropine into other region did not have any effect. alpha-Bungarotoxin showed no effect on either imprinting or locomotor activity. Kainic acid injection into MHV caused the decrease of glutamate content in the MHV region and it reached maximum at 24 hours after injection. However, imprinting behavior was already impaired at 3 hours after injection, but at 24 hours it had been recovered. A same effect was observed by glutamate injection. The effect of protein synthesis inhibitor on the acquisition process of imprinting was investigated. The acquisition of imprinting was significantly impaired by cycloheximide (CHX) injection into MHV within 2 hours after the first exposure to the imprinting stimulus. When CHX was given 24 hours after, imprinting behavior was not affected.