Effects of cytostatic drugs and 40.5 degrees C hyperthermia on human bone marrow progenitors (CFU-C) and human clonogenic tumor cells implanted into mice.

Human spontaneous tumors after surgical resection were implanted into NMRI nude mice. Clonogenic cells from these tumors (4 malignant melanomas, 2 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, and 1 small cell carcinoma of the lung) were cultured in a methylcellulose monolayer assay. Dose-response curves with 7 cytostatic drugs (doxorubicin, bleomycin, dactinomycin, cisplatin, vincristine, vinblastine, and melphalan) were assessed at 37 degrees C and after a 2-hour pulse at 40.5 degrees C. In addition, bone marrow cells (CFU-C) were plated in the same assay. Dose-response curves were assessed with the same drugs under the same conditions. Hyperthermic treatment without drugs did not alter the colony formation of tumor and bone marrow cells. Bone marrow samples from different donors showed homogeneous response patterns; the tumor probes revealed sensitivity patterns typical for each tumor. In 13 of 48 tumor-drug combinations a thermal enhancement of the drug effects was observed, whereas there was no significant difference between normothermic and hyperthermic cultures in the bone marrow cultures. A comparison of colony and bone marrow dose-response curves suggested that a hyperthermic enhancement can occur in single cases. However, this phenomenon seems to be due to individual properties of the tumor.