Thomas E Helser1, Craig R Kastelle1, Jennifer L McKay2, Ian J Orland3, Reinhard Kozdon3, John W Valley3. 1. Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA. 2. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. 3. WiscSIMS Laboratory, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18 O values) measured in fish otoliths can provide valuable detailed information on fish life history, fish age determination, and ocean thermography. Traditionally, otoliths are sampled by micromilling followed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), but direct analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is becoming more common. However, these two methods have not been compared to determine which, if either, is better for fish age validation studies. Hence, the goals were to: (1) determine if the δ18 O signatures from the two different methods are similar, (2) determine which method is better for fish age validation studies, and (3) examine biogeographic and migration history. METHODS: Both analytical techniques, micromilling/IRMS and SIMS, were used to measure δ18 O values in six Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) otoliths. A series of measurements was made from the center of each otolith to its edge to develop a life-history δ18 O signature for each fish. RESULTS: The sampling resolution of SIMS analyses was 2-3 times greater than that obtained by micromilling/IRMS. We found an offset between SIMS and micromilling/IRMS δ18 O values, about 0.5‰ on average, with SIMS yielding lower values. However, the δ18 O patterns from both methods (i.e., the number of δ18 O maxima) correspond to the estimated age determined by otolith growth-zone counts, validating fish age determination methods. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques resolved δ18 O life-history signatures and showed patterns consistent with seasonal variation in temperatures and changes due to fish migration. When otoliths are large, micromilling/IRMS can provide adequate resolution for fish age validation. However, SIMS is the better option if greater sampling resolution is required, such as when otoliths are small or specimens are longer lived and have compact growth zones. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
RATIONALE: Stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18 O values) measured in fish otoliths can provide valuable detailed information on fish life history, fish age determination, and ocean thermography. Traditionally, otoliths are sampled by micromilling followed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), but direct analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is becoming more common. However, these two methods have not been compared to determine which, if either, is better for fish age validation studies. Hence, the goals were to: (1) determine if the δ18 O signatures from the two different methods are similar, (2) determine which method is better for fish age validation studies, and (3) examine biogeographic and migration history. METHODS: Both analytical techniques, micromilling/IRMS and SIMS, were used to measure δ18 O values in six Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) otoliths. A series of measurements was made from the center of each otolith to its edge to develop a life-history δ18 O signature for each fish. RESULTS: The sampling resolution of SIMS analyses was 2-3 times greater than that obtained by micromilling/IRMS. We found an offset between SIMS and micromilling/IRMS δ18 O values, about 0.5‰ on average, with SIMS yielding lower values. However, the δ18 O patterns from both methods (i.e., the number of δ18 O maxima) correspond to the estimated age determined by otolith growth-zone counts, validating fish age determination methods. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques resolved δ18 O life-history signatures and showed patterns consistent with seasonal variation in temperatures and changes due to fish migration. When otoliths are large, micromilling/IRMS can provide adequate resolution for fish age validation. However, SIMS is the better option if greater sampling resolution is required, such as when otoliths are small or specimens are longer lived and have compact growth zones. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.