Thierry H Le Jemtel1, Rohan Samson2, Gregory Milligan2, Abhishek Jaiswal3, Suzanne Oparil4. 1. Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. lejemtel@tulane.edu. 2. Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. 3. Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, 85 Jefferson Street, Suite 208, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA. 4. Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Low-grade systemic inflammation increases residual cardiovascular risk. The pathogenesis of low-grade systemic inflammation is not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS: Visceral adipose tissue accumulates when the subcutaneous adipose tissue can no longer store excess nutrients. Visceral adipose tissue inflammation initially facilitates storage of nutrients but with time become maladaptive and responsible for low-grade systemic inflammation. Control of low-grade systemic inflammation requires reversal of visceral adipose tissue accumulation with intense and sustained aerobic exercise or bariatric surgery. Alternatively, pharmacologic inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathway may be considered. Reversal visceral adipose tissue accumulation lowers residual cardiovascular risk.
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Low-grade systemic inflammation increases residual cardiovascular risk. The pathogenesis of low-grade systemic inflammation is not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS: Visceral adipose tissue accumulates when the subcutaneous adipose tissue can no longer store excess nutrients. Visceral adipose tissue inflammation initially facilitates storage of nutrients but with time become maladaptive and responsible for low-grade systemic inflammation. Control of low-grade systemic inflammation requires reversal of visceral adipose tissue accumulation with intense and sustained aerobic exercise or bariatric surgery. Alternatively, pharmacologic inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathway may be considered. Reversal visceral adipose tissue accumulation lowers residual cardiovascular risk.
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